比特币与以太坊:根植于基本原则的文化之战

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-06-05Last updated on 2024-06-05

Abstract

所有这些思想流派都有其优点,并不一定相互冲突。

原文作者:WILLEM SCHROE,Botanix 创始人

原文编译:Block unicorn

比特币与以太坊:根植于基本原则的文化之战

比特币和以太坊,尽管作为推动和采用加密货币与区块链技术的双重力量,它们由于「L1 战争」和其活跃的网络支持者而历史上一直相互对立。对某些人来说,这种竞争似乎只是加密社区内的一场文化之战。然而,从根本上看,这反映了截然不同的基本信念,导致了分歧。

让我们深入探讨这些基本信念:

比特币:去中心化(和流动性)的灯塔

比特币的设计旨在挑战传统金融系统,提供一种无需中介的替代方案。支持者对这一目标产生共鸣,因此将去中心化作为其首要标准。

这一承诺的一个例子是 2015 年至 2017 年间的区块大小战争,小区块支持者优先考虑去中心化,而不是可扩展性。小区块支持者坚决不妥协比特币的去中心化特性,即使这意味着限制其可扩展性。增加区块大小的支持者则认为,这有助于扩展网络,降低交易费用,并提高比特币每秒处理更多交易的能力。最终,区块大小并未通过硬分叉增加,而是通过软分叉实施了隔离见证,这改善了交易容量,但这种机制下的一次性区块大小增加不可重复。结果是,一个没有中央控制的货币系统。

比特币继续成为按市值计算最大的单一加密货币,市值约为 1.3 万亿美元,占整体加密货币流动性的约 50% 。由于其高库存流量比率,比特币的资产硬度得到提高,仅次于黄金。它在全球市场上的日益突出地位引发了将比特币定位为储备货币的讨论,这是「美元主导地位被(比特币)隐性侵蚀」的主要因素之一。由于比特币的特性和形式因素,它将在加密货币领域继续发挥重要作用,这种流动性应进一步潜能化,不仅仅作为一种价值单位。

以太坊:实用性先锋

「EVM 现在正在成为企业标准以及区块链之间的连接组织,即使是 EVM 的最激烈批评者现在也在投资兼容性。」—— Nitin Kumar(行业 OG)

以太坊虽然共享加密货币的广泛精神,但更强调实用性。其支持者主张,一种货币的内在价值与其实际应用密切相关,这一理念得到了以太坊广泛的去中心化应用(dApps)阵容的强化。这些去中心化应用在以太坊生态系统中发挥着重要作用,通过提供各种功能和服务,为以太坊平台的整体实用性做出了贡献。dApps 和智能合约功能的基础是以太坊虚拟机(EVM),所有以太坊账户都存在于此。

最近,由于互操作性、安全性和开发者效率的提高,越来越多的人认为「EVM 的不可避免性」正在成为趋势。随着庞大的以太坊开发者社区支持融合的 EVM 标准,越来越多的协议正在迁移到以太坊生态系统,并构建桥接机制以促进互操作性。因此,现实世界的应用需要以 EVM 兼容性为中心,以充分利用最大的开发者社区。

超越比特币和以太坊:多样化的加密货币格局

然而,加密货币的世界远比这两个角色复杂得多。更广泛的生态系统包含了各种信念和偏好。例如,门罗币(Monero)对于那些寻求隐私的人来说是一个避风港,提供了最私密的交易系统之一。相反,Solana 区块链以其快速的交易时间和可扩展性,优于那些对交易速度至关重要的人。

所有这些思想流派都有其优点,并不一定相互冲突。

第二层:链接差距

「然而,跨链桥和应用的使用越多,问题就越严重……跨链活动具有反网络效应:当其活动不多时,还是相当安全的,但活动越多,风险就越大。」——Vitalik Buterin,以太坊基金会

在我们当前的多链加密货币生态系统中,市场解决方案通过连接机制利用了 EVM 的兼容性。然而,跨链连接会导致安全问题和中心化风险的复合。在桥接中持有的资产将容易受到攻击,增加的互联性可能导致系统传染。相比之下,采用层叠式方法可以保持每个层的安全完整性,同时最小化互联性。

愿景的融合

尽管存在意识形态上的差异,比特币和以太坊日益有可能走到一起。以太坊的 EVM 负责推动去中心化应用,并且可以通过类似 Botanix 的倡议在比特币领域中共存,将去中心化的 EVM 侧链引入比特币可能会创造一个双方都能蓬勃发展的空间。

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