为什么去中心化Staking协议是ETH2.0的重要拼图?

火星财经Pubblicato 2022-02-21Pubblicato ultima volta 2022-02-21

Introduzione

整个第三方Staking服务市场在未来1-2年依然有最少3-4倍以上的市场规模的增长。

作者:Ray Xiao

1 以太坊2.0质押市场的蛋糕有多大?

1.1 以太坊市值预测

这里我们基于以太坊过去4年的市值表现来预估未来以太坊市值的变化:

去中心化

(ETH相关数据来源: Coingeckco, CMC)

这里有两个历史数据会作为未来预测的依据:

  • 2017年-2021年以太坊市值的CAGR为55.64%,未来以太坊市值会以这个速度继续增长
  • 2017-2021年以太坊Token的平均通胀率为7.65%,预计未来以太坊的通胀率会逐年降低,在2025年降至2%

1.2 ETH2.0质押市场规模预测

基于历史数据对以太坊未来市值以及以太坊质押率增长进行预测,可以看到Staking第三方服务的服务市场规模在2025年将达到23亿~46亿美金。

(注:JP Morgan之前预测的ETH2 staking将在2025年达到400亿美金是整个网络的收入,若再乘以第三方服务商平均手续费10%也是将近40亿美金左右)

去中心化


(注:ETH2.0质押代币数量依据历史数据年增长率1.27x估计;第三方StaaS服务商当前占比为50%左右,因此实际第三方Staking服务在2025年市场规模我们暂估为23亿~46亿美金)

2 去中心化Staking服务商对比

Staking服务市场大致分为两类服务商:中心化StaaS服务商(如Infstone, Staked等以及各大中心化交易所如Binance, Kraken推出的Staking服务)、去中心化StaaS服务商(如:Lido, Stakewise, Rocketpool, Swell Network等)。

而在去中心化服务商里还可以再细分成:permission validator (Lido)和 permissionless validator (Rocket Pool, Swell Network)。

去中心化


来源: https://beaconcha.in/validator/217392

Rocket Pool上线了两个月内通过把节点32ETH质押减半到16ETH

去中心化


来源: https://beaconcha.in/validator/257530

即将上线的Swell Network的第一版本成功通过原子交易做到了完全非托管和把节点32ETH质押降到1ETH。

去中心化


来源: https://beaconcha.in/

在Staking服务商中,我们认为市场增长空间以及应用场景的增长潜力更大的会是去中心化的解决方案,主要原因为:1. 大部分中心化服务商受限制于合规要求无法推行流动性代币。2. 去中心化服务商推行流动性方案可以应用到DeFi、NFT等场景中,极大解决大量用户对流动性的痛点。

去中心化


3 机遇

3.1. 大量小型用户市场未解放

一方面从市场参与度来看,尽管ETH质押数量在过去一年增长势头不错,但是目前只有不到10%的ETH参与了ETH2.0的质押,这离50%以上的全网质押率仍有巨大的增长空间。

另一方面当我们观察当前staking服务商的市场格局,可以发现有将近40%的ETH质押在非第三方的服务商节点中(可能大部分为个人运营),说明流动性质押解决方案还有巨大的增长空间,随着流动性质押与DeFi应用结合愈发成熟,我们相信将有更多的小型用户会流入流动性质押的市场。

去中心化


来源: https://pro.nansen.ai/eth2-deposit-contract

3.2. Token机制设计的可以充分与DeFi、NFT市场结合

现阶段较突出的问题是质押代币的业务范围需要拓展。Lido的stETH在这生态拓展方面暂时领先于其他竞品,目前在Curve.fi上的stETH/ETH池子AUM达到了35亿美金,而MakerDAO、AAVE也将stETH作为借贷抵押品。但是对于C端用户来说仍然有大量的应用场景值得探索,比如Swell Network最近就创新的推出将用户存入的资产做成NFT凭证,进一步打通NFT借贷等更有意思的产品带来更有吸引力的收益率。

3.3 安全性升级

在Staking业务安全方面,各大staking项目都在加紧合作。

在智能合约的安全上,2021年10月Stakewise的创始人充当了白帽发现了Lido和Rocket Pool的智能合约中存在安全漏洞能够让恶意的staking节点从资金池中提取出一部分资金。

在底层基础设施上,各大Staking协议也在加紧和SSV技术开发团队(Obol Network和SSV Network)进行合作,让ETH2.0的验证者节点更加去中心化,更加安全。总的来说关于staking市场我们认为:

  • 整个第三方Staking服务市场在未来1-2年依然有最少3-4倍以上的市场规模的增长
  • 去中心化Staking服务商会有更好的增长机会,并且在他们中间也会分化出更偏向B端(如:Stakewise)和更偏向C端的方向(如:RocketPool, Swell Network)
  • C端市场的空间尚未被打开,liquid token在更多defi, NFT协议中的应用以及更高的收益率是能够吸引小型用户的关键,而在这一方面我们目前更看好Swell Network这样的解决方案

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