再发路线图,美国白宫与加密的“爱恨情仇”

陀螺财经Pubblicato 2023-01-31Pubblicato ultima volta 2023-01-31

Introduzione

白宫发布减轻加密货币风险的路线图。该路线图呼吁当局在适当的情况下加强执法,并要求国会加大力度监管加密行业。路线图还指出,立法不应为主流机构一头扎进加密货币市场开绿灯。

白宫发布减轻加密货币风险的路线图。该路线图呼吁当局在适当的情况下加强执法,并要求国会加大力度监管加密行业。路线图还指出,立法不应为主流机构一头扎进加密货币市场开绿灯。

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白宫发布减轻加密货币风险路线图

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上周五,白宫在美国国家经济委员会下发布了一篇题为《政府减轻加密货币风险的路线图》的博客文章,该委员会是为向总统提供美国和全球经济政策建议而设立的总统行政办公室。

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该路线图由四位白宫顾问撰写:美国国家经济委员会主任Brian Deese、科技政策办公室主任Arati Prabhakar、经济顾问委员会主席Cecilia Rouse和国家安全顾问Jake Sullivan。经济顾问委员会负责就美国国内和国际经济政策的制定提供客观的经济建议,而科技政策办公室则就与科学和技术有关的所有事务向美国总统提供建议。

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路线图确定了一些风险,包括加密实体无视适用的金融法规和基本风险控制、误导消费者、存在利益冲突、提供不充分的披露以及欺诈。此外路线图作者声称整个行业的网络安全很差,这使得朝鲜能够“窃取超过 10 亿美元来资助其激进的导弹计划。

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在鼓励监管机构继续利用其权力在适当情况下加强执法并在需要时发布新指南的同时也提到了过去一年的加密事件强调监管需要做更多的工作。各机构应加倍努力打击欺诈,投入更多资源来打击涉及数字资产的非法活动。同时呼吁国会加大力度监管加密行业,例如扩大监管机构的权力,以防止加密企业滥用客户资产和减少利益冲突

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白宫顾问建议国会还可以加强对加密货币公司的透明度和披露要求,加大对违反非法金融规则的处罚力度,并禁止加密货币中介机构向犯罪分子提供情报。并警告立法机构不应为养老基金等主流机构一头扎进加密市场开绿灯。

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路线图最后谈到美国政府将全心全意地支持负责任的技术创新,使金融服务更便宜、更快、更安全、更容易获得。然而,要实现这些好处,新技术需要相应的保障措施。保障措施将确保新技术是安全的,对所有人都有益,确保新的数字经济为大多数人服务,而不仅仅是少数人。为了落实正确的保障措施,美政府将继续推进已经开发的数字资产框架,同时与会合作实现相应目标。

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连环爆雷后,亟待加密监管

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路线图是华盛顿方面关于比特币监管的最新成果,但不是拜登政府第一次发布加密相关的政策。此前美国白宫已经发布加密货币监管框架,包括金融服务行业应该如何发展更为便捷的跨国交易,以及如何打击数字资产中的欺诈行为等。文件显示,拜登政府将评估是否呼吁国会修改《银行保密法》、反举报法规以及禁止无牌照机构进行交易的法律,以明确适用于数字资产服务提供商,包括数字资产交易平台和NFT平台。拜登政府还在研究是否推动国会提高对无牌照交易的处罚,以及可能修改某些联邦法规,以允许司法部在发现这些罪行的受害者的任何司法管辖区起诉数字资产犯罪。数字美元方面,框架中指出CBDC可以使支付系统更高效,为进一步的技术创新提供基础,促进更快的跨境交易,并且具有环境可持续性。敦促美联储继续对CBDC进行持续的研究、试验和评估。稳定币方面,框架认为如果不与适当的监管配合,稳定币可能会造成破坏。为了使得稳定币更加安全,财政部将与金融机构合作,通过共享信息和推广广泛的数据集和分析工具,以及与其他机构合作,增强其识别和修复网络漏洞的能力,以及识别、跟踪和分析与数字资产市场相关的新兴战略风险。

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2022年,伴随着多家机构暴雷,流动性危机频现,加密行业进入寒冬。全球主要国家和地区,尤其是过往对加密资产友好度较高的,在2022年之后都不得不重新思考如何应对虚拟资产创新背后的风险与挑战。

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2023年初,多国监管机构对加密领域提出新的监管要求。1月3日,美联储、联邦存款保险公司与货币监理署发布联合声明,强调加密资产相关风险不能转移到银行系统。1月17日,日本金融厅战略发展和管理局副局长Mamoru Yanase在接受采访时表示,日本金融监管机构正敦促美国、欧洲以及其他地方监管机构以对待传统金融机构的方式来监管加密货币。1月18日,欧洲央行管理委员会成员Francois Villeroy de Galhau在达沃斯世界经济论坛2023年年会的小组讨论上强调,目前最大的挑战来自非银机构,应从加密货币着手尽快出台非银机构监管措施;新加坡国务资政尚达曼在会上进一步指出,无论是加密货币领域还是传统金融,相关部门都必须监管其中的洗钱等行为。

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对于加密机构而言,监管重要性正进一步凸显,拥抱合规将成为行业良性发展的必选项。从全球范围内看,加密资产行业的发展仍处于早期阶段,其特征、应用、风险和挑战还在不断演变中。由于加密市场风险远远大于合规的传统金融市场风险,因此各国监管收紧对加密资产的监管力度,保护本国投资者的资产安全以及防范金融风险极为必要。事实上,各国加强监管加密行业,既可以在技术创新和新数字机遇中寻求平衡,也能有效规范加密资产市场行为。

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去年各国政府虽对加密行业的监管态度出现了一些变化,但大多数国家对于加密行业还是持有积极的态度,出台的政策更多是为了规范和监督加密行业,而不是要完全封杀整个行业。除了外部监管政策的变化之外,在加密行业内部也开始出现了积极的信号,更多的加密机构在尝试通过监管寻求平台自身的合规。

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结语

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回到前文说的路线图,美国拥有着全球影响最大的虚拟货币交易市场,其监管动态的变化时刻影响着各国政府的监管态势。美国通过市场和政府监管相结合的手段,从而进一步确保了加密货币和数字经济市场发展不至于失序失控。

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不难看出美政府计划通过政策声明明确将加密货币纳入其监管范围,并通过路线图逐步引导市场朝预期发展,从而将加密货币进一步引入规范化发展的渠道,最终实现使之成为美国资本市场获利工具之—的目标

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