上海升级近在咫尺，以太坊验证者必须要了解的5大问题

PanewsPublished on 2023-01-30Last updated on 2023-01-30

Abstract

关于上海升级，基金会发布了新的FAQ，有5个小点本文将跟大家分享。

以太坊上海（shanghai）升级近在咫尺，以太坊（stETH、矿池ETH...）终于快要可以从beacon chain提现回来了。关于上海升级，基金会发布了新的FAQ，有几个小点我觉得有必要给大家分享下：

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1.有两种提现方式

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2.提现排队到底要多久

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3.这是新的交易类型

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4.如何测试

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5.私钥保管问题

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一、两种提现方式：众所周知在以太坊当validator 32 ETH起存，然后慢慢赚共识奖励。

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部分提现：若你只想提这些年赚的共识奖励(0-4 E不等)，处理很快，几乎不排队。

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全额提现：如果你要连本(32 E)带息全部提走，因它是退出共识，涉及到网络安全，那就慢了，就要排队。前者是领工资，后者是辞职。

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二、那全额提现排队到底要多久呢？ 公式太复杂我就不列了，直接上数据：现在50w+节点，每天最多可以退1800个节点。

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按照1600$、32E计算，即288w美金价值的以太坊。假设有10%的节点要退，排队大概在1个月。此外，节点越多，退出量越大，or vice versa。

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冷知识：现在进入以太坊网络当验证者也要排队，且每天进入量和每天退出量是同一个算法。如果按50w节点算，都是1800每天，这可以让以太坊的共识机制保持平稳有序软着陆。

三、这是新的交易类型这是一种全新的交易类型，甚至它都不是传统的“交易”，而是提现结束后，直接增加你的钱包余额，甚至不要Gas。毕竟广义来说，它也是某种意义上的跨链。

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冷知识2：若对其他PoS链而言，开通提现就是开发者点点鼠标开个开关的事。对以太坊则不然，因为以太坊其实目前是2条链。大家熟悉的这条，以太坊的执行层（EL）；还有beacon chain，这是共识层（CL），用于staking。允许提现，其实就是跨链。Beacon链容易知道ETH上的情况，但反过来却很难。

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四、如何测试？ Goerli上可以测，但是很多人玩不转G网。贴心的以太坊基金会专门设计了“zhejiang”测试网，供后面大家测试。提醒：名字彩蛋

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五、私钥托管问题在大家做Staking节点的时候（主要是矿池 or Solo Staking，这种你才有私钥，LSD方式是没有的），大家应该填过一个提现地址，这个地址的私钥以及节点的私钥，都要保管好！弄丢了，就彻底寄了。

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