Layer2市场现状:Arbitrum占据50%以上的市场,ZkSync蓄势待发

PanewsPubblicato 2022-10-23Pubblicato ultima volta 2022-10-23

Introduzione

Optimistic Rollup的Arbitrum占据了Layer2市场的主要份额,ZkSync主网上线后,zkRollup是否抢占更多的市场份额? Layer2市场将会有怎样的变局?

你方唱罢,我方登场。近日,Layer1项目Aptos主网上线引发热议,从刚上线TPS被质疑,到全网空投2,000万枚APT,Aptos霸占了加密社区的讨论热榜。与此同时,Layer2的代表项目ZkSync2.0主网也将于10月28日上线。ZkSync潜在的空投机会也吊起了社区用户的胃口。

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目前,Layer2主要有六种解决方案,分别是状态通道、侧链、Plasma、Optimistic Rollup、Validium以及zkRollup。其中,Optimistic Rollup占据了Layer2的主要市场,Optimistic Rollup的代表项目Arbitrum TVL占Layer2市场的51.6%、Optimism 占Layer2市场的30.56%。而zkRollup的ZkSync仅占Layer2市场1.13%,亟待ZkSync 2.0扭转局面。

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本文从数据的角度解读Layer2的市场现状,并基于市场现状,对Rollup的代表项目Arbitrum、Optimism以及ZkSync进行分析。

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Rollup占据Layer2的主要市场份额

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根据Layer2的TVL占比,Rollup占据了绝大部分的市场份额。其中,Arbitrum TVL为24亿美元,占据了51.6%的市场份额;Optimism TVL为14.3亿美元,占据了30.56%的市场份额。

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在排名前十的TVL项目中,稳定币和ETH是资产占比最多的。稳定币占比最多的是基于Starkware的扩容方案StarkEx的去中心化衍生品交易平台dYdX,占比为100%;ETH占比最多的是ZkSync,占比为55.4%。

从Layer2的链上交易量来看,Arbitrum市场交易量排名第一,约为3,400万美元,其次是Optimism 约为2,900万美元,ZkSync在交易量上紧随其后 ,约为1,200万美元。此外,Layer2项目交易量相差的金额较大,第一名和第十名的市场交易额相差近40倍。

用户数方面,总用户数和总活跃用户最多的依旧是Arbitrum,主要是因为目前Arbitrum的生态已经非常成熟,各个赛道的项目都参与到Arbitrum的生态建设网络中。总新增用户最多的是Optimism,可能的原因是今年6月以来,Optimism开启了空投,且在空投规则中设置了新用户也可享受相应的空投,从8月份以来,生态项目也将Optimism发放的空投用于流动性激励,一时引发OP Summer,这激发了更多的新用户参与到Optimism的网络中。

在转账和交易的手续费方面,ZkSync都是最低的,分别为0.02美元和0.05美元,远低于ETH的手续费。较低的手续费促使更多的项目以及用户参与到ZkSync生态建设中,这也是ZkSync 2.0有潜能超过Arbitrum和Optimism的原因之一。

Arbitrum、Optimism、ZkSync生态发展对比

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Arbitrum

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Arbitrum源于Arbitrum One,Arbitrum Nitro 是 Arbitrum One L2 的升级版,Arbitrum的团队是业内知名的Offchain Labs。Arbitrum和Optimism的主要区别的主要区别是Arbitrum 采用多轮欺诈证明,也就是通过二分查找,找到引起分歧的那个区块的第一个操作码,它只需在链上执行这个操作码。

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截止到10月19日,Arbitrum生态项目已有296个,涉及钱包、NFT、跨连桥等各个赛道。Arbitrum TVL占据整个Layer2网络的51.6%。从交易次数和地址数看,Arbitrum依然处于快速增长的阶段,Arbitrum地址数量从1月的近30万到现在的近150万,增长了近五倍。另外,Arbitrum暂时也还未发币,其生态的潜力项目也值得我们关注。

Optimism

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Optimism是在以太坊上建立即时交易和可扩展的智能合约的Layer2网络,并在Optimism 创建 OVM,旨在与以太坊 Layer1 配合使用。Optimism 既保留了以太坊主网级别的安全,又能大大降低网络的Gas费。

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Optimsim是目前Rollup用户增长最快的网络,从2022年1月到现在,地址增长了近十倍,在总地址数有赶超Arbitrum的趋势。尤其是今年6月以来,Optimism 总地址数有了指数级的增长,Optimism的空投激励在一定程度上促进了新用户的增长。

ZkSync

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ZkSync是第一个与 EVM 兼容的通用 ZK rollup,即将上线的zkEVM 能将会把DeFi 和 Web3更好地和zkSync 集成。ZkSync 主网将于10 月 28 日启动,在此之前,很多项目如钱包、跨连桥、NFT市场、游戏以及DAO等已在ZkSync 测试网上线。主网上线后,Uniswap、1inch 和 Yearn Finance 等也会相继在ZkSync上部署。ZkSync将是一个强大的生态系统,可以更高效地实现Layer1上的所有事情,整个规模有可能实现指数级别的增长。

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截止到10月19日,ZkSync生态项目已有148个,TVL 为5200 万美元,链上地址数已近60万。完善的基础设施以及较低的交易成本,表明zkSync 2.0 生态系统已经做好了迎接大规模用户的准备。

总结

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从以上分析得出,Rollup占据了Layer2的主要市场。从TVL上看,Arbitrum TVL占据了51.6%的市场份额,Optimism占据了30.56%的市场份额;从用户量上,Arbitrum是总用户最多的网络,Optimism是新增用户最多的网络;从交易手续费上看,ZkSync在转账和交易的手续费上都是最低的。

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对比目前Layer2的主要竞争者,ZkSync并没有明显的优势。但Layer2市场还是处于早期的阶段,市场的规模和趋势都有可能出现巨大的变化。此外,Polygon Hermez也成为Layer2市场的新晋竞争者。而在产品以及技术等都做足了准备的,ZkSync主网也即将上线。ZkSync主网正式启动后,或将会迎来生态的全面爆发,Layer2的市场也将引来大航海时代。

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