加密法案 Clarity 闯关记:美国两党妥协之路布满荆棘

marsbitPubblicato 2026-07-22Pubblicato ultima volta 2026-07-22

Introduzione

美国两党正推进加密市场结构立法Clarity法案,但妥协之路充满挑战。今年1月,Coinbase CEO的介入导致参议院银行委员会已达成的两党协议被推翻。四个月后,尽管在“收益”问题上达成妥协,但伦理条款成为民主党的关键条件。5月委员会投票时,仅两位民主党参议员支持,且强调下一步支持取决于伦理问题的解决。最终,参议院农业委员会的版本未获任何民主党支持。 7月,共和党人急于推动全体投票,但伦理争议扩大,部分共和党人也加入反对行列,执法机构则对开发者保护条款表示担忧。非法金融与消费者风险仍是焦点,两位资深参议员分别强调了消费者保护与立法谨慎的重要性。 目前,两党虽认同需要立法,但达成妥协阻力巨大。众议院已举行听证会,参议院版本的和解文本即将发布,但有议员质疑其能否获得足够两党支持。民主党人坚持必须包含强有力的伦理条款。 加密社区短期目标可能包括:在8月休会前进行参议院象征性投票、推动法案在2026年成为法律,或就伦理等争议达成妥协框架。尽管进程艰难,但行业仍在持续努力争取支持。

撰文:Forbes

编译:AididiaoJP,Foresight News

美国国会两党议员正准备推进加密市场结构立法,即备受关注的 Clarity 法案。与以往所有里程碑式法案一样,能否在争议问题上达成妥协,将决定这项立法的生死。

对 Clarity 法案而言,这一路走得颇为坎坷。

今年 1 月,Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong 突然出手,推翻了参议院银行委员会已达成的两党协议及投票。该法案自此未能得到有效重启。

与国会时钟赛跑

又过了四个月,委员会才得以将该法案排上国会日程。这次绿灯得益于马里兰州民主党参议员 Angela Alsobrooks 和北卡罗来纳州共和党参议员 Thom Tillis 就「收益」(yield)问题达成的两党妥协。

本是积极进展,但此时伦理条款已成为民主党人的重要不可谈判条件。最终,5 月份委员会推进法案时,仅获得两位民主党参议员支持——Alsobrooks 和亚利桑那州参议员 Ruben Gallego。两人都明确表示,下一步投票将取决于伦理问题的处理。

Alsobrooks 参议员在声明中明确立场:「我一直努力让法案变得更好。请允许我非常清楚地表明:我今天的投票是为了继续以善意推进工作。这并不意味着我会在参议院全体会议上支持通过 Clarity 法案。我们仍有工作要做。」

Gallego 参议员也表达了类似观点:「我今天的投票是为了让我们能继续这些努力。但我想明确一点:这里的投票并不保证我在全体会议上的支持。我们还有许多未决问题需要解决。其中最艰难、最关键的是就当选官员的伦理防护栏达成协议。」

由于伦理问题未能达成协议,参议院农业委员会的 Clarity 法案最终以党派投票方式通过,没有任何民主党人支持。

加密政策妥协是否可能?

进入 7 月高温期,参议院共和党人正匆忙安排全体会议投票。此时,要求伦理条款的不再只是民主党人。对收益的争议还让更多共和党人站到大银行一边,而执法机构则对开发者保护条款表示强烈反对。

非法金融和消费者风险仍是核心关切,上周两位资深参议员的表态引人注目。

怀俄明州共和党参议员 Cynthia Lummis 在 X 平台发帖,重点强调消费者保护条款:「我们起草 Clarity 法案是为了给执法部门更多工具,而不是更少。该法案将交易所与调查人员之间的实时拦截写入法律,允许在数小时内冻结非法资金,而不是等上几年,并保留调查人员已依赖的所有洗钱指控。」

弗吉尼亚州民主党参议员 Mark Warner 在最近的参议院金融委员会提名听证会上,谈到坏 actor 时表达了乐观与担忧:「我想把这件事做成。我已经厌倦了身处『加密地狱』。但我们必须以一种不会让情况变得更糟的方式去做。我希望美国在数字资产领域领先。如果我们搞砸了,后果同样巨大。」

国会前进之路是什么?

没错,两党在需要市场结构立法这一点上存在共识,但作为华盛顿立法体系标志的妥协,正面临重大阻力。

尽管如此,势头仍在积聚。7 月 17 日,美国众议院金融服务委员会在纽约市举行了一场外地听证会。Lummis 参议员和俄亥俄州参议员 Bernie Moreno 会见了白宫官员,讨论法案并探索可能的伦理语言。

各界高度期待参议院银行委员会和农业委员会版本的和解文本,本周晚些时候有望发布。不过,一些议员质疑它能否获得足够的两党支持。Gallego 参议员在上周接受媒体采访时表示:「他们正带着自己的伦理条款版本去见总统,而不是我们民主党人同意的内容......归根结底,我们没有强有力的伦理条款。我不在乎总统怎么说。没有民主党人的票。」

国会拥有立法权威

能够推进立法的,是作为立法部门的国会。国会共和党人能否从行政部门那里获得民主党人愿意共同签署的强有力伦理协议?答案似乎见仁见智。行业基层热情高涨,新闻报道中充斥猜测,C 级高管也普遍看好。

但在这些喧嚣之外,加密社区在国会进程中是否有短期集体目标?

  • 在 8 月休会前进行象征性的参议院全体会议行动,即使票数不够?
  • 在两院通过,最终在 2026 年签署成为法律?
  • 通过严谨辩论,达成包含伦理和 BRCA(银行相关条款?)妥协的框架,以补充此前已达成的收益协议?

最有可能的是以上皆有。自两党通过《21 世纪金融创新与技术法案》(FIT21)以来,推动 Clarity 的实质性工作从未停止。

在当前阶段,设定清晰目标有助于明确时间表,并在 7 月冲刺受阻时,为国会山的两党策略提供指引。

尽管 Clarity 法案的障碍赛道崎岖不平,但逐票计数、逐位议员争取两党支持的漫长而令人沮丧的传统,正是加密行业有时间去运用和完善的战术。

Crypto di tendenza

Domande pertinenti

Q文章标题中提到的美国加密法案Clarity在推进过程中面临的主要障碍是什么?

AClarity法案在推进过程中面临的主要障碍包括:关键争议问题上难以达成两党妥协,例如在法案中添加“收益”(yield)相关条款引发的争议;民主党人坚持的“伦理条款”成为其不可谈判的底线,并导致农业委员会的版本未能获得民主党支持;此外,执法机构对法案中的开发者保护条款表示强烈反对,而部分共和党人也因收益争议站到了大银行一边。

Q哪两位美国参议员在1月份因Coinbase CEO的干预而未能达成的协议后,最终就“收益”问题达成了妥协,为法案在4个月后重获推进提供了条件?

A马里兰州民主党参议员Angela Alsobrooks和北卡罗来纳州共和党参议员Thom Tillis就法案中的“收益”(yield)问题达成了两党妥协,为Clarity法案在搁置四个月后重新被排上国会日程提供了关键支持。

Q文章中提到,哪位参议员明确表示对Clarity法案的支持取决于对“伦理问题”的处理,并称这是“最艰难、最关键”的问题?

A亚利桑那州参议员Ruben Gallego明确表示对Clarity法案在全体会议上的支持取决于“伦理问题”的处理。他称这是需要解决的“最艰难、最关键”的问题,强调必须有强力的伦理防护栏来规范当选官员的行为。

Q根据文章,怀俄明州共和党参议员Cynthia Lummis为Clarity法案的哪方面条款进行了辩护,以回应对其可能削弱执法的担忧?

A怀俄明州共和党参议员Cynthia Lummis在X平台上发帖,重点为Clarity法案中的消费者保护和增强执法能力的条款进行了辩护。她强调该法案旨在给执法部门更多工具,例如将交易所与调查人员之间的实时拦截写入法律,允许快速冻结非法资金,并保留现有的洗钱指控工具,从而反驳了法案会削弱执法的担忧。

Q文章结尾部分讨论了加密社区在国会进程中可能有哪些短期集体目标?请列举其中提到的至少两个目标。

A文章结尾部分讨论的加密社区可能的短期集体目标包括:1. 在8月国会休会前推动一次象征性的参议院全体会议行动(即使票数可能不够);2. 努力推动法案最终在2026年之前于两院通过并签署成为法律;3. 通过严谨辩论,达成一个包含伦理条款和银行相关条款(BRCA)妥协的完整框架,以补充之前已就收益问题达成的协议。

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Former CFTC Chairman and Circle President Heath Tarbert has consistently advocated for a long-term vision in public, urging patience from investors as Circle’s stock price has fallen significantly from its peak. However, it has been revealed that since Circle’s IPO, Tarbert has continuously sold his CRCL shares through pre-arranged trading plans, cashing out approximately $30 million, without making any public market purchases. This contrast between his public messaging and personal actions has drawn criticism. Tarbert joined Circle in July 2023 as Chief Legal Officer, leveraging his regulatory experience to help guide the company through its IPO and expansion. Despite promoting stablecoins as long-term infrastructure, he established a 10b5-1 trading plan just before Circle went public, leading to substantial stock sales over the following year. In March 2026, he initiated another plan to sell more shares. His career trajectory highlights a pattern of moving between high-level regulatory roles and influential positions in the financial sector. After resigning as CFTC Chairman in early 2021, he joined Citadel Securities as Chief Legal Officer just 27 days later, during a period of intense regulatory scrutiny for the firm. He later joined Circle, aiding its efforts to navigate regulatory challenges for its public listing. While Tarbert's expertise in policy and compliance is valuable to companies like Circle, his actions—advocating long-term confidence while personally divesting—raise questions about the alignment between his public statements and his private financial decisions, leaving investors who followed his advice to bear the market risks.

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