从KYC到KYA，现在要给AI智能体办“身份证”了吗？

marsbitPubblicato 2026-05-10Pubblicato ultima volta 2026-05-10

Introduzione

随着AI智能体进入自主执行合同、支付与交易的时代，对智能体进行身份识别与行为规范的“了解你的智能体”（KYA）系统正受到关注。KYA的核心是在智能体间交互（A2A）场景中，为独立部署的自主智能体建立可验证的身份、权限与问责机制，以防范未经授权的交易、欺诈与责任不清等风险。 当前，KYA标准与解决方案的竞争已经展开。主要参与者包括：基于以太坊的ERC-8004标准，它通过为智能体铸造NFT身份并构建链上信誉体系；Visa推出的TAP方案，通过三重签名机制为智能体验证身份并绑定支付；合规服务商Trulioo将其KYC/KYB验证栈扩展至KYA，签发可动态刷新的“数字护照”DAP；以及Sumsub利用其现有合规系统，专注于对智能体进行交易中的实时异常检测。 全球监管层面也已开始行动，欧盟、美国、新加坡等地相继推出相关法案或框架，将智能体身份管理列为重点。正如过去的金融监管规则塑造了行业格局，是否具备KYA基础设施将成为进入下一阶段AI智能体市场的关键。市场预计不会出现单一垄断者，不同解决方案将根据其与商户、支付网络及客户群的组合，在各自细分领域占据领先地位。

撰文:Tiger Research

编译:AididiaoJP,Foresight News

AI 智能体时代正在加速,与此同时对智能体不受控制的创建和行为的担忧也在不断增加。为智能体分配身份并规范其行为的 Know Your Agent(KYA) 系统正受到越来越多的关注。为什么需要 KYA 身份基础设施?哪些公司在构建它?

摘要

  • AI 智能体已进入自主执行合同、支付和交易的时代,但目前没有共享标准来验证「这个智能体是谁」。在 Agent-to-Agent(A2A)场景中,KYA 比 KYC 更受关注。
  • KYA 并非在所有场景都需要。在中心化平台内部(Google·OpenAI·Coinbase),现有的 KYC 就足够了。KYA 真正重要的地方是:独立部署的自主智能体触达 DEX、A2A 支付和商户支付的场景。
  • KYA 标准竞赛已经打响:
  • ERC-8004:在 NFT 之上发行 AgentID,在链上构建身份、信誉和验证体系
  • Visa TAP:Visa 为智能体签发身份凭证,通过 TAP 的三重签名(合法性·委托方·支付方式)进行验证
  • Trulioo:采用 SSL CA 模式,由 DPA 签发 DAP
  • Sumsub:在自身合规系统之上叠加 KYA 系统

监管已在国家层面开始行动。欧盟《AI 法案》要求高风险 AI 系统的行为日志中必须包含运营商身份。美国 NIST 将智能体身份管理列为优先标准领域。新加坡发布了全球首个国家级智能体 AI 治理框架。正如 2019 年 FATF Travel Rule 决定了哪些加密交易所能够存活一样,是否拥有 KYA 基础设施,将决定谁能进入下一轮市场。

KYA 为何此时出现?

KYC:重塑金融的那一层

  • 1989 年之前,全球金融没有统一的身份标准。这一缺口导致毒品资金和非法资金难以追踪。
  • 1989 年 FATF 成立后,KYC 在金融领域成为强制要求,从入口处阻断了非法资金。

没有智能体身份,系统就会倒退

  • AI 智能体在没有人类参与的情况下执行合同、支付和交易,但目前无法验证「它是谁」。
  • 在 A2A 环境中,问责变得模糊,纠纷风险上升,用户也暴露在洗钱等欺诈模式之下。

KYA(Know Your Agent)的作用与应对

  • KYA(Know Your Agent)是预先验证智能体来源、权限和问责制的信任层。
  • 未经验证的智能体同时带来三大风险:未经授权的交易、欺诈以及问责空白。

KYA 的必要性体现

每个层级都需要 KYA

  • 在中心化平台内部,用户 KYC + 平台问责制就足够了。而在平台外部的互操作场景中,KYA 变得至关重要,用于验证智能体的具体行为和安全性。
  • 在一个国家内部(平台内),一张身份证(KYC)就足以自由行动。而一旦跨越国界(平台外),环境发生变化,就需要对目的和信任进行入境审查(KYA)。

市场参与者

ERC-8004:基于 NFT 的智能体身份

  • ERC-8004 在 ERC-721 之上增加身份层,为每个智能体铸造一个 NFT 作为唯一 ID。
  • 它还增加了三个链上注册表(Identity·Reputation·Validation),分别作为身份、信誉板和验证记录。

以太坊标准构建的两个市场,第三个即将到来

  • ERC-20(代币发行标准):标准化之前,每个代币都需要全新代码。ERC-20 之后,大多数主要资产都在其上发行。
  • ERC-721(NFT 标准):CryptoPunks、BAYC、ENS 依托它建立了 NFT 市场本身。随着代理人时代区块链整合加速。
  • ERC-8004 将为代理人(Agents)扮演相同的标准角色。

Visa TAP:在 Visa 轨道上的认证

Visa 向代理人发放身份凭证(Agent Intent),类似于一张身份卡。没有密钥,就无法交易。密钥仅在 Visa 预批准后发放。每笔交易均被签名并提交给商户。

商户收到三个签名,而非一个:Visa 批准、委托人、支付方式,同时全部确认。

Visa:将每笔交易拉入 Visa 网络的战略

  • 正如 Visa 之前捕获支付轨道一样,它现在正在封装代理人时代。
  • 通过 Visa Intelligent Commerce(VIC),Visa 推出一个将 KYA 与支付捆绑在一起的方案包。
  • 如果代理人支付仍使用卡轨道,且该方案包成为默认选项,那么即使在转变中,Visa 的市场份额也能保持稳定。

Trulioo:扩展 KYC 时代验证基础设施

  • Trulioo 是全球 KYC·KYB 轨道上的合规运营商,正在将其验证栈扩展到 KYA。
  • DPA 扮演 SSL-CA 的角色。与 SSL(仅域名)不同,DPA 验证开发者 KYB 和用户 KYC,然后颁发 DAP。
  • 银行和金融科技依法要求人类与企业身份。随着代理人进入金融领域,Trulioo 的 KYC·KYB 地位将进一步巩固。

DAP,代理人的数字护照,每次交易刷新

  • DAP 是代理人的数字护照。DPA 验证开发者(KYB)和用户(KYC),将两者打包成一个代币,授予代理人。
  • 与纸质护照不同,它是一个活的代币,每次交易都会刷新和重新验证。一旦撤销委托或检测到异常,DAP 立即作废。
  • KYA 不是一次性验证。每次交易都要重新确认信任。

Sums sub(AI Agent Verification):检测代理人异常

  • Sums sub 的做法是:每当代理人尝试异常交易时,重新验证当前使用中的人类身份。
  • 它利用自 2015 年以来合规业务中的验证系统,更准确地检测代理人异常。

拥有技术应对 AI 时代新威胁的运营商

  • 其他 KYA 参与者专注于一次性交易前身份验证。Sums sub 专注于颁发后的实时验证。
  • 随着代理人权限扩大,异常检测变得至关重要;随着欺诈随技术规模化,Sums sub 的实时验证栈备受关注。

提前布局监管,引领入场规则

FATF Travel Rule 造成的差距,可能在 KYA 上重演

2019 年 FATF Travel Rule 之后,VASP 在是否能承担 KYC·AML 基础设施成本上产生分化。CryptoBridge、Deribit 等无法承受的同行要么关闭,要么迁移到监管较轻的地区。

欧盟、新加坡、美国已经在争夺领先地位。KYA 将成为代理人时代的核心层。

KYA 按细分市场分化,而非单一赢家

标准竞争中真正的变量不是技术,而是组合。主流玩家已经进入合作 - 组合阶段。未来,谁与哪些商户、支付网络以及 KYC 客户群搭配,将决定每个细分市场的领先者。

市场不会有单一赢家,将按细分市场分化。

Domande pertinenti

Q什么是KYA（Know Your Agent），它在AI智能体时代的主要作用是什么？

AKYA（Know Your Agent，了解你的智能体）是为AI智能体分配身份并预先验证其来源、权限和问责制的信任层。其主要作用是在A2A（智能体间交互）或智能体与去中心化服务（如DEX）交互等场景中，解决因智能体缺乏身份识别而产生的欺诈、洗钱和问责模糊等问题，从而建立信任和安全框架。

Q根据文章，KYA在哪些具体场景中是至关重要的？

AKYA在中心化平台（如Google、OpenAI、Coinbase）之外的独立部署场景中至关重要，具体包括：1. 自主智能体访问去中心化交易所；2. 智能体间的支付；3. 智能体向商户进行支付。在这些跨平台、需要互操作的场景中，仅有人类用户的KYC和平台内部问责机制已不足够，需要KYA来验证智能体行为。

Q文章提到了哪些主要的KYA解决方案或标准？请简述其特点。

A文章提到了四种主要的KYA解决方案：1. **ERC-8004**：基于以太坊NFT标准（ERC-721）的链上身份系统，为智能体铸造唯一NFT ID，并构建身份、信誉和验证记录注册表。2. **Visa TAP**：Visa发行的智能体身份凭证，采用三重签名（合法性、委托方、支付方式）验证，旨在将其支付网络优势扩展到智能体交易。3. **Trulioo**：扩展其KYC/KYB验证基础设施，通过DPA（开发者和用户验证）为智能体颁发动态刷新的数字护照（DAP）。4. **Sumsub**：在其现有合规系统上叠加实时异常检测功能，在交易过程中持续验证智能体行为是否异常。

Q文章如何将KYA的必要性与金融领域的KYC发展历程进行类比？

A文章将KYA与KYC（了解你的客户）的发展进行类比：在1989年FATF（反洗钱金融行动特别工作组）成立并强制推行KYC之前，全球金融缺乏统一身份标准，导致非法资金难以追踪。KYC从源头阻断了非法资金流，重塑了金融体系。同样，在AI智能体自主执行合同、支付和交易的时代，缺乏统一的智能体身份标准（KYA）会导致系统倒退，引发问责模糊、欺诈等风险。因此，KYA被视为AI时代的核心信任层，其重要性类似于KYC之于现代金融。

Q文章认为，决定KYA市场格局的关键因素是什么？未来市场会如何发展？

A文章认为，决定KYA市场格局的关键因素不是单一的技术方案，而是**生态组合能力**。主流参与者已进入合作与方案组合阶段。未来，谁能与特定的商户、支付网络以及现有的KYC客户群形成有效的搭配组合，谁就能在相应细分市场取得领先。因此，市场不会出现单一赢家，而是会**按不同细分市场（如链上身份、传统支付集成、企业合规等）进行分化**，不同解决方案将在各自擅长的领域占据主导地位。

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