三大预言机瓜分预测市场:Polymarket 引入 Chainlink、Pyth 降低结算风险

marsbitPubblicato 2026-05-02Pubblicato ultima volta 2026-05-02

过去两年,预测市场成为加密产业最闪亮的叙事。整个赛道在去年底合计交易量接近 100 亿美元,单月增长动能在 2025 年下半年显著加速。

但在这场庆典的另一端,有一个始终站在聚光灯外、反复被用户骂到狗血淋头的角色:预言机。

UMA 的双刃剑

过去一年围绕 Polymarket 的多起重大争议,乌克兰总统泽连斯基“是否穿西装”(累计交易量达 2.37 亿美元)、乌克兰矿产协议(涉及 700 万美元、有大户用约 500 万枚 UMA 操控投票)、特朗普政府是否在 2025 年解密 UFO 文件(1600 万美元市场、被用户公开称为“鲸鱼证明”骗局),争议的源头都直接指向同一个:UMA 的 Optimistic Oracle 及其代币治理结构。

UMA 的 Optimistic Oracle 设计逻辑是:任何人提出一个结果,押上保证金;在挑战期内(通常 2 小时)若无人提出争议,结果就被默认视为真;若有争议,则由 UMA 代币持有者通过 Data Verification Mechanism(DVM)投票决定。

这套机制的优点明显:便宜、可处理长尾事件、可处理“主观性问题”,比如“泽连斯基那件衣服算不算西装”这种传统价格预言机完全处理不了的问题。

不过 Polymarket 的多起争议揭露了这个设计的缺陷。例如去年 3 月的乌克兰矿产协议事件,该预测事件累计交易量约 700 万美元,关注特朗普是否会在 4 月前与乌克兰达成稀土矿产协议。

尽管结果并没有任何协议达成,市场仍被结算为“Yes”。据 The Defiant 与 Cryptopolitan 报道,主因是一名 UMA 大户通过三个账户持有约 500 万枚 UMA,占当轮投票权重约 25%,并将投票推向 Yes。后续 Polymarket 则在 Discord 公告中明确表示:“这并非系统故障,而是治理机制的运作结果,因此拒绝退款。”

可以说,Polymarket 对 UMA 的依赖正面临系统性风险。原本被设计为“中立真相裁决层”的预言机,如今治理代币的集中分布反而成了少数人左右市场结果的工具。

据加密资产数据平台 RootData 显示,直到去年 9 月,Polymarket 开始主推加密货币事件时,其急需引入一种更确定性的数据来源,因此它开始把部分结算工作交给另一个体系完全不同的预言机 Chainlink。

Chainlink:龙头的另一种困境

CoinDesk 报道指出,Polymarket 开始引入 Chainlink 来改善其预测结果的判定方式。双方宣布,Polymarket 将使用 Chainlink 自动结算与资产价格相关的市场,以降低延迟与被篡改的风险。初期聚焦于加密资产价格类市场,并同步探索在更具主观性的市场上的应用空间。

这项合作的意义在于,Polymarket 从原本依赖 UMA 那套“群体博弈式的主观共识裁决”,多了一条交给 Chainlink 直接读取市场价格、走自动化判定的轨道。

从市场格局看,Chainlink 是无可争议的预言机赛道龙头,其在预言机市场的市值占比超过 87%、TVS 占比 61.58%(约 629 亿美元),与第二名 Chronicle(10.15%)、第三名 RedStone(7.94%)拉开显著差距。

也可以说,它在 DeFi 中的渗透度几乎已经饱和。主流协议从 Aave、GMX、Synthetix 的清算与定价,到 Curve 的安全参考、Lido 的跨链标准,几乎都采用 Chainlink 提供的不同服务。

市场占比体现在其布局上。Chainlink 在约 27 条链上提供了 2,000 个价格馈送(Price Feeds,链上常驻型喂价服务),并在 37 条网络上部署了 Data Streams(低延迟、按需验证的高频喂价服务);CCIP(Chainlink 跨链通信协议)主网则已覆盖 70 条公链与 L2,并有约 200 个注册为 CCIP 标准的跨链代币可使用。

这个规模相当于 Chainlink 把自己从“单链的喂价中介”,扩张为“多链之间的信息与资产交换层”。

但饱和也意味着 DeFi 已不再是它的增长曲线。根据 Galaxy 的深度报告,Chainlink 累计收入中约 97%(约 3.99 亿美元)来自 Price Feeds,VRF(可验证随机数,用于 NFT 铸造、链上游戏)、Automation(自动化执行)、CCIP 三项合计仅约 1.5%、0.6%、0.5%。

换句话说,Chainlink 的资金流高度集中在最成熟、最商品化的喂价业务上,而这部分业务的市场已被占满,边际增长空间极其有限。

对此,Chainlink 的回应是把筹码押在三条增量曲线上。

第一条是 RWA 与机构金融。

从 Chainlink 的合作矩阵可以看到,此前它已与 Swift 联合多家机构完成代币化资产跨链试验;去年再与 24 家主要金融机构推进公司行动数据(corporate actions)上链计划,DTCC Smart NAV 试点则把共同基金 NAV 数据分发到链上。

同年,Chainlink 与万事达卡合作,为逾 30 亿持卡用户开通链上加密购买流程;美国商务部(BEA)也已通过 Chainlink Data Feeds 将 GDP、PCE 等核心宏观数据上链,初期覆盖 10 条公链。

第二条是 CCIP 跨链通信。

CCIP 已成为跨链标准的选择之一。JPMorgan 旗下 Kinexys 与 Chainlink、Ondo 合作完成代币化美国国债的跨链 DvP 结算试验;Aave 用它推动 GHO 跨链,Lido 将其作为 wstETH 的官方跨链标准;同年 CCIP 也在 Aptos 上线,将触角延伸到 Move 系生态。

截至 2025 年 10 月,CCIP 累计代币转账体量近 20 亿美元。

第三条是预测市场与“事件结算金融化”。

Polymarket 的整合是这条曲线的开端。它代表 Chainlink 从原本只服务“资产价格”的赛道,向“事件结算”这个更广的领域扩张。随着预测市场对美股、商品、ETF、宏观指标等可被自动化结算的资产类别需求爆发,Chainlink 在这里找到了一块它自己原本价格业务的天然延伸。

整体来看,Chainlink 虽处于市场龙头地位,但传统 DeFi 价格预言机的增长已经见顶;它必须靠 RWA、机构金融、CCIP 与预测市场金融化来重建下一条增长曲线。

这几条曲线上的潜力不小。依 BCG 估计,RWA 代币化规模在 2030 年可达 16 万亿美元,SWIFT 轨道每年处理 150 万亿美元结算量,但兑现周期都以“年”计,而代币持有者的耐心通常以“日”计。

这之间的错配,或许是 Chainlink 作为龙头,在 2026 年仍要面对的核心压力。

多家预言机蚕食预测市场这块大饼

今年 4 月初,Polymarket 宣布与 Pyth Network 达成合作。

该平台上针对黄金、白银、WTI 原油、天然气等大宗商品,加上 NVDA、AAPL、TSLA、COIN、PLTR 等十余支美股,以及主要股指与 ETF 的“短时段涨跌”预测市场,结算数据将由 Pyth 通过 WebSocket 实时提供,Polymarket 每秒采样一次。

Pyth 作为第一方数据提供者(Jump Trading、Jane Street、Blue Ocean、LMAX 等做市商与机构直接发布),采用按需拉取(pull)模型,数据可以低延迟交付到应用层。

而这个分工结构并不只是 Polymarket 一家的选择。受美国 CFTC 监管的 Kalshi 也已集成 Pyth,作为其新上线商品中心的结算数据源,涵盖黄金、白银、布伦特原油、天然气、铜、玉米、大豆、小麦等大宗商品;Pyth Pro 并向 Kalshi 的做市商提供直接市场数据存取,后续会扩展至指数、股票、外汇等类别。

当 Polymarket 与 Kalshi 都选择 Pyth 作为传统金融资产的结算层,这就不只是个别平台的工程决策,而是反映整个预测市场赛道对“机构级高频数据结算层”的趋同需求。

Pyth 等于在这一块分到了一部分市场,但这个位置是“传统金融资产类事件”的子集,与 Chainlink 的加密类、UMA 的主观类各据一方。

可以从这三层分工架构,观察预测市场揭露出的预言机赛道现实。

第一,没有任何单一预言机能完整服务一个成熟的预测市场。

UMA 的社区裁决机制处理不了高频价格;Chainlink 的链上馈送模型在毫秒级事件结算上不是最优解;Pyth 虽然在低延迟价格上有明显优势,但完全处理不了文本类型的问题。

第二,Polymarket 每引入一家新预言机,都是在向“可交易事件”的版图向外拓展。

从 UMA 的非标事件,到 Chainlink 的加密资产,再到 Pyth 的传统金融资产,每一步都把更多现实世界的不确定性纳入链上下注范围。沿这个逻辑推下去,未来宏观经济指标(GDP、CPI、利率决议)、央行利率决议、上市公司盈利,甚至 AI 模型发布,都可能成为 Polymarket 的市场类别。

只要存在可验证的数据源,就能构建对应市场。

反过来说,对预言机项目而言,这也意味着预测市场的野蛮扩张并不会让任何单一预言机独享红利。每一块新市场都会被分配给“最适合处理该类数据结构”的预言机,多家分食、互不重叠。

结语

预言机赛道走到 2026 年,本质上已从早期的“数据管道”,演进为支撑整个链上经济的“可验证事实层”。

它服务的对象不再只是 DeFi 清算与抵押品估值,而是 RWA 上链的合规验证、跨链信息的可信传递,以及预测市场对现实世界不确定性的结算。

而预测市场是观察这片红海竞争的放大镜。

Polymarket 的三轨分工,加上 Kalshi 在传统金融资产上的同步选择,揭露了一个现实:没有任何单一预言机能完整服务一个成熟的链上应用。平台上的每一个议题,都会被分配给最适合处理该类数据结构的预言机。

基础设施分化已是事实。但当没有单一项目方能独享红利时,谁能真正做到不可替代?

Crypto di tendenza

Letture associate

After Three Consecutive Quarters of Decline, Can the Crypto Market Find a Window for Stabilization in Q3?

The cryptocurrency market has just concluded its worst-performing quarter since 2022, with total capitalization dropping 12.6% to $2.1 trillion. All core metrics indicate capital is leaving the sector, not just rotating within it. Bitcoin fell 14.2% and Ethereum dropped 25.4% in Q2, breaking their previous correlation with US tech stocks. A key driver is the reversal in US spot Bitcoin ETF flows, which saw a net outflow of approximately $4.67 billion in Q2, including a record monthly outflow near $4.5 billion in June. While recent data suggests long-term holders are accumulating again, sustained ETF outflows mean continued selling pressure. Market focus is now singularly on the Federal Reserve. The upcoming July FOMC meeting is seen as the most critical event for Q3. A dovish signal could support Bitcoin reclaiming a $68,000-$84,000 range, while a hawkish stance might establish a new trading band around $50,000-$56,000. Additionally, regulatory uncertainty persists, with the progress of the crucial *CLARITY Act* stalling in the Senate, reducing its perceived 2026 passage probability to 40-45%. Despite the broad downturn, a few sectors showed growth. Prediction markets saw nominal volume surge 48.7% year-over-year to $113.8 billion, and tokenized collectibles transaction volume rose 143% quarterly to $1.4 billion. The Real-World Asset (RWA) tokenization sector also continued steady growth, now representing ~$28.1 billion in on-chain value. The market's foundation for an extreme crash appears limited, with Bitcoin price hovering near its 200-week moving average. However, the trading paradigm has shifted from narrative-driven speculation to decisions based on price action, policy developments, and interest rate expectations, making a broad sentiment-driven rally unlikely in the near term.

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After Three Consecutive Quarters of Decline, Can the Crypto Market Find a Window for Stabilization in Q3?

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BIT Trading Moment: BTC Still Suppressed by Weekly 200 EMA, Rejection May Restart Decline; Storage and Semiconductors that Surged Last Night Begin Falling in Evening Trading

**Crypto & Stock Market Wrap: Bitcoin Tests Resistance, Stocks Retreat After AI Surge** Bitcoin consolidates around $66,000, facing key resistance near $68,000—an area seen as a major psychological and technical hurdle where previous rallies have failed. Analysts note the cryptocurrency is caught between its 200-week moving average (~$63,333) and 200-week EMA (~$68,328). A clear break above $68k is needed to signal a stronger bullish trend, while a rejection could lead to a retest of $63k support. Market sentiment remains cautious, with low futures open interest pointing to a low-liquidity rebound rather than a full bull market. Bitcoin spot ETFs saw another $203 million inflow. US stock futures pointed lower after a strong Tuesday session led by a massive rebound in semiconductors and memory stocks. The rally was fueled by renewed optimism about AI-driven hardware demand, with Micron, SanDisk, and SK Hynix surging. However, those gains reversed in pre-market trading. Super Micro Computer (SMCI) soared over 20% after hours on strong guidance and a record backlog. Other standouts included Rocket Lab and nuclear energy plays Oklo and X-Energy. Rising oil prices (Brent above $91) and climbing Treasury yields (10-year near 4.64%), however, are reigniting inflation concerns and acting as a headwind for equities. In Asia, markets were mixed. South Korea's KOSPI pared early gains to close slightly higher as semiconductor stocks like SK Hynix gave back initial surges. Japan's Nikkei edged lower as the yen hit a fresh 38-year low against the dollar, raising fears of potential market intervention. Key events to watch include the Samsung Galaxy launch, AMD's AI event, and a slew of major tech earnings from Alphabet, Tesla, and IBM after the close on Wednesday, followed by the ECB meeting and Intel's earnings on Thursday.

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BIT Trading Moment: BTC Still Suppressed by Weekly 200 EMA, Rejection May Restart Decline; Storage and Semiconductors that Surged Last Night Begin Falling in Evening Trading

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Former CFTC Chairman, Circle President Tarbert: Preaching Long-Termism While Cashing Out $30 Million Himself

Former CFTC Chairman and Circle President Heath Tarbert has consistently advocated for a long-term vision in public, urging patience from investors as Circle’s stock price has fallen significantly from its peak. However, it has been revealed that since Circle’s IPO, Tarbert has continuously sold his CRCL shares through pre-arranged trading plans, cashing out approximately $30 million, without making any public market purchases. This contrast between his public messaging and personal actions has drawn criticism. Tarbert joined Circle in July 2023 as Chief Legal Officer, leveraging his regulatory experience to help guide the company through its IPO and expansion. Despite promoting stablecoins as long-term infrastructure, he established a 10b5-1 trading plan just before Circle went public, leading to substantial stock sales over the following year. In March 2026, he initiated another plan to sell more shares. His career trajectory highlights a pattern of moving between high-level regulatory roles and influential positions in the financial sector. After resigning as CFTC Chairman in early 2021, he joined Citadel Securities as Chief Legal Officer just 27 days later, during a period of intense regulatory scrutiny for the firm. He later joined Circle, aiding its efforts to navigate regulatory challenges for its public listing. While Tarbert's expertise in policy and compliance is valuable to companies like Circle, his actions—advocating long-term confidence while personally divesting—raise questions about the alignment between his public statements and his private financial decisions, leaving investors who followed his advice to bear the market risks.

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Former CFTC Chairman, Circle President Tarbert: Preaching Long-Termism While Cashing Out $30 Million Himself

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Gate Research Institute: The 'Wall Street-ization' Wave of Crypto Financial Products – Competition or Integration?

The article titled "Gate Research Institute: Are Crypto Financial Products Sparking a 'Wall Street' Wave—Competition or Convergence?" explores the evolving relationship between the crypto ecosystem and traditional finance (TradFi). The piece begins by reflecting on Bitcoin's original 2009 vision of decentralization, disintermediation, and moving away from banks. It then contrasts this with the 2024 landscape, where key crypto assets like Bitcoin are increasingly held through Wall Street products like ETFs issued by giants like BlackRock. The article questions whether this signifies that TradFi is systematically taking over the rights to issue, price, custody, and distribute crypto financial assets. The core argument is that this is not a zero-sum takeover but rather a bidirectional convergence where each side addresses the other's weaknesses. Crypto offers 24/7 global markets, programmable settlement, and open access but lacks compliant channels, institutional-grade custody, deep fiat liquidity, and mainstream distribution. TradFi possesses these but is constrained by legacy systems, limited operating hours, and slow settlement. Two primary convergence paths are highlighted: * **Path A (CEX to TradFi):** Exemplified by Gate, which has progressed from offering tokenized stocks and CFDs to providing direct, real stock trading (US, Hong Kong, South Korea) within its platform, using USDT. * **Path B (TradFi to Crypto):** Exemplified by Robinhood, which has integrated crypto trading, acquired exchanges like Bitstamp, and is moving traditional assets like stocks onto the blockchain via tokenization and its own Layer 2. Both paths are ultimately competing to become the next-generation, unified financial account—a "super account" where users can seamlessly trade cryptocurrencies, stocks, ETFs, RWA (Real World Assets), and tokenized treasury products in one interface. The growth of RWA and tokenized treasuries (e.g., BlackRock's BUIDL) is presented as the asset-layer fusion, providing stable, yield-bearing assets on-chain and acting as a bridge between the two worlds. In conclusion, the "Wall Street-ization" of crypto is framed as a mutual transformation. Decentralized ideals persist in the protocol layer, while at the application layer, a more efficient, global, and accessible unified capital market is emerging from this convergence. The future competition lies not between crypto exchanges and stockbrokers, but between platforms vying to offer the most comprehensive asset coverage, liquidity, and user experience within a single account.

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Gate Research Institute: The 'Wall Street-ization' Wave of Crypto Financial Products – Competition or Integration?

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