以太坊POS合并关键时间和误解说明

币圈一级市场阿生Pubblicato 2022-08-16Pubblicato ultima volta 2022-08-17

Introduzione

大家目前可能在媒体上会看到两个时间,9月6号,9月15号,也会产生困惑到底PoS Merge什么时候发生?

大家目前可能在媒体上会看到两个时间,9月6号,9月15号,也会产生困惑到底PoS Merge什么时候发生?

先来个实时更新的网站:https://wenmerge.com/

以太坊合并对ETH供应量的影响

影响概述

合并前每天增发~13,000 ETH/天

合并后每天增发~1,600 ETH/天

供应量减少90%(4.62%→0.5%)

合并前后,基于EIP1559 每日燃烧ETH原理不变,取决于链上活动水平

以太坊合并的常见误解

误解1:合并一完成,便可取回质押在信标链的ETH

实际情况:合并不会启动抵押提款。提款将在合并后的上海升级中启动。

误解2:在上海升级启用提款前,验证者不会收到任何“流动”的ETH奖励

实际情况:合并后的MEV提取/交易费收入,可以直接记入验证者提供的主网账户,且立即可用

误解3:启用提款后,质押者可以立即退出

实际情况:出于安全原因的设计,验证者退出的速率将受到限制(需要排队的线性退出)

误解4:在合并后,抵押的APY预计会增加3倍(12%)

实际情况:合并后除了会有抵押奖励,还有交易手续费奖励。根据近期网络活动水平的估算,预估合并后的APR能达到7%左右

误解5:合井将降低Gas费

实际情况:合并实际是共识机制的改变,并不会扩大网络容量,也不会大幅度降低Gas费

误解6:合井后交易会明显加快

实际情况:出快时间变的更稳定,但变化表微小,与现在的交易速度基本没啥太大区别

误解7:运行一个「节点」至少需要质押32ETH

实际情况:任何人都可以运行一个节点,不抵押32ETH的节点同样可以参与网络同步,只是无法提取区块奖励。

误解8:合并过程以太坊会停机

实际情况:合井升级是在不停机状态下完成POS的过渡

Merge合并是什么?

合并前(比如现在)以太坊其实有“两条链”:目前的以太坊主网(Eth1)、信标链(Eth2)

两条链目前相互独立、分开运行。

目前的以太坊主网(Eth1)仍继续通过PoW 共识机制得到保护。

信标链(Eth2)使用PoS共识机制并行运行;

合并 The Merge 就是使这两个系统最终融合在一起。

准备就绪后,以太坊主网将与信标链“合并”,主网将把运行智能合约的能力以及完整历史和当前状态引入PoS系统。

合并后的以太坊=执行层(Eth1)+共识层(Eth2)

Eth1→执行层:负责处理事务和数据[当前 PoW 以太主网]Eth2→共识层:负责处理PoS共识[当前PoS 信标链]

以太坊本次 PoS Merge 有三个关键步骤:

第一步:信标链[共识层]Bellatrix升级

[时间」北京时间9月6日19点34分(Epoch 144896)

[升级内容」让共识层为合并做好最后准备,就是给共识层客户端下达命令:

请你在到达TTD之前,节点不要储存[执行层]的交易数据;

请你在到达TTD之后,区块结构开始包含[执行层]的交易数据;这个升级对当前PoW主网并没有直接影响。

第二步:以太坊达到预定TTD

[时间」按当前算力,预计为9月15日

目前TTD是临时值,可能8月17日之后还会进行一次调整「TTD是什么?」

总难度是区块链中某个特定点之前所有区块的Ethash挖矿难度的总和;终点总难度值,就是特定的一个数值,用来作为时间标记。当前设置TT

TD= 58750000000000000000000

「为什么用TTD作为升级时间?」有效避免分叉干扰和恶意干扰

>>>到达TTD之后,将触发第三步

第三步:PoW主网[执行层]Paris 升级

[时间」即到达预定TTD的时间,9月15日左右「升级内容」EIP-3675和EIP-4399

EIP-3675 移除对 PoW mining alorithm ethash的依赖,并转移至新标链[共 识层]

EIP—4399 改变链上随机性的生成方式

简单的说,当Paris升级完成之后,以太坊就将正式过渡到PoS时代。

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