国外最新看待元宇宙的观点:2040年的元宇宙,期待与批判共存

NFT中文社区Pubblicato 2022-07-12Pubblicato ultima volta 2022-07-12

Introduzione

对元宇宙未来的模样,想必包括科技巨头在内的许多人都有过畅想。

对元宇宙未来的模样,想必包括科技巨头在内的许多人都有过畅想。

当前人们如何看待它,有着怎样的分析和评论,2040年的元宇宙又是什么样子?本文就是以上回答的呈现。

元宇宙的快速发展

元宇宙会是一个噱头吗?还是一个希望或者地狱?也许这三者都是。

专家们对真正身临其境的“元宇宙”的可能演变存在分歧,他们预计增强现实和混合现实功能将在人们的日常生活中变得更加有用,但许多人担心,如果Web3的开发由那些当今占主导地位的Web平台的人领导、构建,当前的问题可能会被放大。

2021-2022年,大众对元宇宙的想法和兴趣逐渐跃升,部分原因是Facebook决定将自己重新命名为“Meta”。这个词是由科幻作家尼尔·斯蒂芬森(Neal Stephenson)在1992年出版的小说《雪崩》(Snow Crash)中创建的。

用今天的术语来说,元宇宙是计算机生成的网络扩展现实(XR)领域,XR是一个首字母缩略词,涵盖了增强现实、混合现实和虚拟现实(AR,MR和VR)的各个方面。

在这个时间点上,元宇宙通常由某种身临其境的XR空间组成,其中人类和自动化实体之间发生交互。有些是人们在计算机和手机上与增强现实应用程序的日常互动,有些是在更身临其境的游戏或幻想世界中发生的交互,有些则发生在复制现实环境的“镜像世界”里。

虽然扩展现实(XR)游戏和社交空间已经存在了几十年,但疫情所带来的技术进步和社会变革将元宇宙的发展推向了最前沿,激发了数百亿美元的新投资,并促使人们预测元宇宙是“互联网的未来”或“下一个互联网战场”。

面临更先进、更身临其境的虚拟现实世界的发展现状,XR的支持者表示,其快速发展可能有益于社会的各个方面,包括教育、医疗保健、游戏和娱乐、艺术,社会和公民生活以及其它活动。

支持者们认为,将更多数据用于先进的人工智能(AI)辅助系统以及为用户创造全新的空间和体验,可以丰富和扩展他们的生活。当然,与所有数字技术一样,人们对这些新空间的健康、安全、安保、隐私和经济影响存在担忧,这引发了很多对成熟的元宇宙是什么样子以及对社会意味着什么的猜测。

元宇宙的期待与批判

通过一项对创新者、开发者、商业和政策领袖、研究人员和活动家的关于2040年元宇宙发展及影响问卷结果显示:

54%的专家表示预计到2040年,对于全球五亿或更多人来说,元宇宙将会让日常生活更精致、完全身临其境,并且运作良好。

46%的人表示预计到2040年,对于全球五亿或更多人来说,元宇宙将不会让日常生活更精致、完全身临其境,并且运转良好。

以上投票结果可以看出,大约各一半的人对元宇宙形成两极看法。这些受访者写的一些最全面的答案表现出比较长远的眼光,且对元宇宙的未来分成两种态度,一种带有期待,一种则带有批判。

期待方:

到2040年,在日常生活中人们将以增强现实和混合现实工具为中心,接受扩展现实,而不是在今天许多人定义的更完全身临其境的虚拟现实的“元宇宙”中。

美国国家研究计划公司副总裁劳伦斯·兰诺姆(Laurence Lannom)给出了一个比较清晰的预测,他写道:

“元宇宙的核心将是一系列全新的和扩展的技术。不难想象,我们在虚拟现实生活中最好和最坏的方面都将通过利用更完整的沉浸式体验来扩展,通过在数字空间内而不是外部观看。就好像人们都在同一个物理空间中,在这个空间里不需要花费数小时就可以到达目的地;在虚拟现实可以练习困难的体力任务(例如手术);提升各种教育和研究机会,因为我们学会了利用新环境的内在优势。”

由Meta、Google、Microsoft等创立的XR协会首席执行官Elizabeth Hyman在召集了利益相关者开发和采用XR,分享了许多已经在XR领域被证明是有用的重要案例后认为:“虚拟、增强和混合现实是通往医学领域非凡应用的门户, 元宇宙是通往教育、制造、零售,劳动力培训等深度社交和沉浸式互动的门户 。”

批判方:

到2040年这些新世界可以极大地放大人类的每一个特征和倾向——无论是坏的还是好的。他们特别关注那些控制这些系统的人所拥有的权力,他们拥有会限制或阻止人类能动性的能力,扼杀人们通过行使自由意志来实现自我实现的能力。这些人担心人类未来能扩大其在现实世界能力的自由。

美国国家研究计划公司副总裁劳伦斯·兰诺姆(Laurence Lannom)同时也认为:

“人们更容易沉迷于全能的游戏和幻想体验,导致许多人更加孤立;社会凝聚力进一步瓦解,因为虚拟现实提供了一种简单的替代方案;恐惧和不满的加剧,有影响力的人能获得指挥数百万与会者集会的能力,导致政治动荡。”

XR元宇宙将更像‘3D电视‘,而不是网络。它将更加昂贵,让人不舒服和迷失方向,即使它的信息量和连接性较好。XR在特定领域具有变革性,但通常很麻烦。我看不出未来20年的发展将如何解决这个问题。

美国国家消除家庭暴力网络高级技术安全专家托比·舒拉夫(Toby Shulruff)预测:

“当我们从‘永远开启’到‘始终在线’时,不断的沉浸可能会导致身体、心理、情感和精神上的影响,包括压力反应、头痛,睡眠不安和。矛盾的是,虽然虚拟世界可以让我们逃避我们的身体和我们的局限性,但许多用户描述了他们在虚拟体验中时,包括感觉、情感和反应都得到了加剧。”

小结

任何新技术的出现都会形成谨慎和乐观两种观点,元宇宙也是如此。

从我们需要的良好经验和利益的角度出发,比较理性的《今日美国》自由专栏作家、长期技术记者爱德华·拜格(Edward Baig)写道:

“即使是当今最聪明的人也很难表达元宇宙,以便普通人理解它,而不仅仅是指从增强现实、虚拟现实、3D和混合现实中出现的模糊事物。当然,以科技年来衡量,2040年是一辈子的。当你考虑到已经大规模投入到元宇宙的金融和投资时,这个东西怎么可能不变成或许对我们的日常生活产生深远影响的东西呢?无论是什么吸引我们所有人进入元宇宙,它都必须提供 —— 或者至少承诺提供—— 经验和利益,否则这些经验和好处如果不切实际,不能在现实世界中实现(因为缺乏更好的表达方式),不然这些都是不切实际的。”

不论何种技术,总是保持以人为本的人文主义精神,从人本身出发,最终又回到人身上,这或许是看待元宇宙较好的方式。

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