人民币强势反击,稳定币变成了“风险资产”

深潮Pubblicato 2025-12-03Pubblicato ultima volta 2025-12-04

随着美联储降息不断深入,人民币仍存在进一步升值空间。

撰文:Liam,深潮 TechFlow

过去半年,人民币悄悄完成了一次“逆袭”。

离岸人民币(CNH)一路从 4 月最高 7.4 上方升至 7.06,创下一年来新高。在全球货币普遍震荡的背景下,人民币成为亚洲市场表现最强的货币之一。

有人欢喜有人愁,曾经坚信人民币会破 7.3 的空头们被迫平仓,长期持有美元,包括持有影子美元 USDT 的投资者被动“亏损”(以人民币计价)。

人民币为什么会在这个时间点走强?是否可以持续?

市场买起来的

过去,大家谈到人民币升值,大家常用的表述是“央妈出手了”,不过本轮人民币升值,与过去更多由政策驱动不同,而是市场自然选择的结果。

为什么这么说?

因为从数据来看,收盘价变动是人民币中间价调升的主要贡献项。

这里简单科普一下,每天的人民币汇率有两种关键价格:

  • 收盘价:市场上真实买涨买跌造成的最终价格

  • 中间价:第二天早上央行公布的“参考价”,指导当天的交易

如果这轮人民币升值主要是靠政策强行托住的,那么你会看到中间价提前被调得很强,但收盘价依然走弱,说明市场不买账。

但这次完全相反,收盘价自己先涨了,中间价只是根据上涨后的收盘价“顺势调升”,说明市场资金真的在买人民币。

推动人民币升值的第一大因素,来自于外部,跌跌不休的美元造成人民币被动升值。

今年以来,美元指数累计下跌近 10%

一方面,美国就业和零售数据持续走弱;另一方面美元降息预期不断强化,引发套利资金集中平仓。

美元的“被动走弱”,使得全球新兴市场货币普遍反弹,其中人民币表现最亮眼。

随着美联储降息不断深入,人民币仍存在进一步升值空间。

如果说以上是人民币的“被动升值”,那么 A 股的变化则提供了“主动升值”的第二条逻辑链。

今年 8 月以来,A 股显著走强,上证突破 4000 ,创近十年新高,特别以芯片和 CPO 为代表的科技股一路长虹,涨势惊人。

中国资产吸引力显著上升,外资风险偏好正在回归,当中国资产变得更能吸引全球资金时,人民币自然更容易升值。

当美元走弱,人民币上涨,结汇和套保意愿的回暖也会拉动人民币需求。

今年以来,在外贸市场,人民币的真实需求快速上升。

贸易净结汇率从年初的 23.9% 一路上涨到 7 月的 54.8%,套保率(远期结汇签约额 / 外币收入)升至 10%,为近一年新高。

这说明什么?企业愿意把美元换成人民币,以及企业愿意锁定未来人民币汇率,看涨未来走势。

总结起来,本轮人民币走强,是一次“三重合力”的结果:

美元进入下行周期,人民币被动上涨。

中国资产进入“估值修复周期”人民币从“主动升值”继续涨。

实体层面,企业结汇需求强。

这三股力量相互强化,构成了人民币升值的闭环。

利好大 A

短期来看,人民币升值对出口会造成压力,但长期利好股市。

过去几年,人民币贬值预期曾是压制海外资金的“隐性成本”。

现在,这个成本正在消失。特别是美元降息背景之下,大量资金开始流向全球,寻找更佳的投资机会。

国家外汇管理局最近公布的数据显示,2025 年上半年外资净买入境内股票和基金 101 亿美元,扭转了过去两年净减持趋势。

特别是红利央企,电信、电力、公用事业,AI + 半导体的细分龙头这种权重资产,会首当受益。

根据高盛的一份报告,中国股票往往在货币上涨时表现良好,股票回报与人民币汇率(双边和篮子条件下)呈现正向相关性和贝塔系数。

具体而言,自 2012 年以来,平均外汇/股票相关性和贝塔系数分别为 35% 和 1.9,表明人民币走强时股票 66% 的时间呈正向交易。

人民币升值可能通过会计、基本面、风险溢价和投资组合流动渠道惠及中国股票。高盛估计,在其他条件相同的情况下,人民币兑美元每升值 1% 可推动中国股市上涨 3%,包括汇兑收益

持 U 有风险

USDT 长期以来是中国散户与链上世界交互的“标准货币”,也是长期存在的影子美元,但本轮人民币升值叠加政策动向,使持有稳定币也面临风险。

人民币长期升值意味着,长期持 USDT 等于长期承担美元贬值损失。

其次,最近央行等十三部门联手打击虚拟货币交易炒作,正式将稳定币纳入虚拟货币监管范畴,包括金融和外汇风险的重点监测,虚拟货币换汇是未来重点打击方向,换言之,USDT 被纳入了“外汇管理框架”。

这会导致 USDT 在场外换人民币的成本与风险上升,USDT 的“人民币流动性”下降,所以,最近 USDT 兑人民币汇率已跌破 7。

在加密熊市之下,投资者不想直接接触高波动加密资产,但也想规避 USDT 的监管与汇率风险,于是正在转向一个新的领域,用稳定币投资非加密资产,比如链上美股和链上黄金, 仍然可以对冲美元下跌周期,且更加便利。

大量投资者正被迫从“稳定币储蓄”过渡到“链上美元资产储蓄”。

这一点,将对加密市场产生深远影响。

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