体育博彩丑闻背后:预测市场是帮凶?

比推Pubblicato 2025-10-28Pubblicato ultima volta 2025-10-28

作者:Sander Lutz, Guillermo Jimenez

来源:Decrypt

原标题:Betting Scandals Are Rocking Sports. Will Prediction Markets Help or Hurt?

编译及整理:BitpushNews


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美国职业体育界上周遭遇了近年来最严重的博彩丑闻冲击。

此事发生之际,美国职业联赛和博彩公司正表示拥抱蓬勃发展的预测市场行业,这引发了一个疑问:二者的结合是否很快会导致可预见的后果。

周四,美国联邦调查局的一项行动最终逮捕了一名NBA球员和一名教练,他们涉嫌参与多项博彩计划,其中包括操纵比赛结果以影响体育博彩。

就在一天前,NHL签署了与预测市场的授权协议,成为首个这样做的北美主要体育联盟。预测市场是新兴的、极受欢迎的博彩网站,它们正席卷传统体育博彩,同时却在法律的灰色地带运作。

同一天,美国最受欢迎的体育博彩网站之一DraftKings收购了自己的预测市场公司,大举进军这一新兴领域。

如今,随着联邦执法部门将焦点 对准体育博彩中的内幕交易,一些专家对体育博彩向预测市场的迁移越来越担忧——而另一些人则认为,这类博彩平台,如果利用公共区块链网络,将提供一层额外的透明度。

前政府监管机构和法律专家告诉Decrypt,向预测市场的过渡可能会使本已艰巨的体育博彩监控任务变得更加困难,并导致体育相关投注的不当行为激增。

预测市场允许用户通过期货合约为事件结果购买金融权益,它们由美国商品期货交易委员会监管,而该联邦监管机构在监控职业体育方面经验甚少。在其50年历史的大部分时间里,该机构被动地监管着大豆和牲畜期货等农业衍生品交易。

如今,该机构不仅准备监管不断膨胀的体育预测市场领域,还将监管大部分加密货币领域,这在很大程度上得益于唐纳德·特朗普政府的积极推动。

一位要求匿名以便坦诚发言的前CFTC官员表示,该机构——不仅规模相较于其他金融监管机构要小得多,而且今年还遭遇了大规模裁员——没有能力监管加密货币或体育博彩,更不用说同时监管这两个行业了。

"我认为CFTC会被淹没,"这位前官员告诉Decrypt。"你会看到越来越多这类内幕交易案件发生在预测市场上,因为CFTC没有进行监控——他们没有足够的人力去自行发现这些问题。"

由于其规模和历史使命,该监管机构主要依靠举报人和市场参与者的自我报告来消除其监管市场上的腐败行为。这位前CFTC官员表示,它不会主动搜寻内幕交易,并且在没有显著增加人员和资金的情况下,无法在体育市场进行此类监控。

该机构近期似乎不太可能发生这样的变化。

今年,CFTC领导层一直在推动永久性缩减该机构的规模。今年早些时候,特朗普总统一度提名执掌该机构的布莱恩·昆滕茨,其候选资格在今年夏天因与泰勒和卡梅伦·温克莱沃斯兄弟发生冲突而受阻——这两位加密货币高管对昆滕茨增加CFTC预算的计划等问题表示强烈反对。

这对亿万富翁双胞胎认为,增强该机构的能力将导致"监管俘获"。

赌博和体育博彩法律专家丹尼尔·瓦拉赫告诉Decrypt,与现有的州级体育博彩法规相比,CFTC监控体育市场的能力是不足的。他说,州法律要求利益相关者主动杜绝内幕交易,并与执法部门和第三方诚信监控公司合作。

"相比之下,在CFTC的监管下,没有任何体育相关法规会处理这种活动,"瓦拉赫在谈到预测市场时说。"这些公司基本上不仅要自我认证其事件合约,还要自我监管其诚信。"

CFTC没有回应Decrypt就本文提出的置评请求。该机构的自动回复称因政府持续停摆导致的人员削减。

预测业务在过去一年蓬勃发展。预测市场允许用户对几乎所有事物——从体育、政治到加密货币和文化事件——采取金融头寸。上周一,该行业在四大预测市场KalshiPolymarketLimitlessMyriad创下了每周20亿美元交易额的记录。

一份比较权威的Certuity报告估计,预测市场作为一个行业,到2035年可能达到955亿美元的估值,复合年增长率为46.8%。

Polymarket和Kalshi目前控制着约96%的市场份额,根据最近的融资轮次,这两家公司的估值分别为90亿美元和50亿美元。

目前在美国提供体育合约的最大预测市场Kalshi的一位发言人告诉Decrypt,该公司按照CFTC的要求,已建立了内部系统来识别可疑交易活动。该公司表示,还与一家诚信监控公司IC360建立了合作伙伴关系。

"内幕交易是有害行为,在Kalshi是被明确禁止的,"该发言人补充道。

然而,瓦拉赫坚持认为,在CFTC显然未尝试调整其做法以监控体育市场的政治环境下,像Kalshi这样的公司实际上只能自行其是,这改变了平台与监管机构之间的权力动态,与目前传统体育博彩中的情况不同。

"这些是营利性企业,在监管真空中运作,制定自己的政策,而其在处理这方面事务的能力上不受任何制衡或限制,"瓦拉赫说。

"比赛造假和内幕信息从古至今一直影响着体育赛事,"这位律师继续说道,"而现在没有任何规则可以让这些公司为此负责。"

研究预测市场领域的顶尖学者表示,这些平台不仅不阻止内幕交易,而且在原则上就是为了支持它而设计的。"如果[预测]市场的目的是获取准确的价格信息,那么你肯定希望允许内部人士进行交易,即使那会阻止其他人下注,因为那会让价格更准确,"被广泛认为是美国预测市场首要专家的乔治梅森大学教授罗宾·汉森在去年10月告诉Decrypt。

尽管预测市场可能给监管体育博彩中的不当行为带来新的挑战,但一些人认为它们也为打击内幕交易提供了新的机遇。

虽然Kalshi在日常运营中不使用加密货币,但其主要竞争对手Polymarket使用——支持者认为,这种依赖性带来了更高的透明度。

RedStone的联合创始人Marcin Kazmierczak告诉Decrypt,由于像Polymarket这样的平台上的所有交易都在区块链账本上公开可见,这种设置使得可疑交易活动更容易被识别。RedStone是一个预言机网络,被预测市场用来验证信息和结算投注。

"单是这种透明度并不能防止内幕交易,但它能实现传统系统无法比拟的规模和速度的检测,"Kazmierczak说。

Coinbase的首席法律官保罗· Grewal 周四暗示,链上预测市场在预防像上周NBA博彩丑闻这样的犯罪方面,将比传统博彩平台做得更多。

事实上,近几个月来,观察人士注意到了多起在Polymarket上发生的、时机可疑的交易。值得注意的是,本月早些时候,该网站的用户似乎在诺贝尔和平奖得主公开宣布前几个小时就正确选出了获胜者,导致挪威官员对此事进行内部调查。

然而,在消息披露后,Polymarket并未宣布对诺贝尔和平奖市场进行自己的调查,公司也没有发表任何谴责内幕交易的声明。

相反,Polymarket的X账号转发了关于此情况的新闻提醒,并在此后不久利用这起潜在丑闻来推销其产品。

"最新消息:据透露,诺贝尔和平奖基金会中只有5个人在获奖者公布前知道结果,"该公司在X上的一篇帖子中夸耀道。"每个查看Polymarket的人都知道。"

Polymarket在2022年因未能遵守CFTC规则而被赶出美国后,正计划近期在美国重新推出。该公司没有回应Decrypt多次就其对内幕交易立场提出的置评请求。

但是,如果说Kalshi和Polymarket在对待内幕交易的公开态度上有所不同,那么它们在美国当前政治生态系统中的地位是相似的。这两家公司都由总统的儿子小唐纳德·特朗普担任顾问。


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