黄金破4000美元!货币信用正遭遇一场“不信任投票”​

marsbitPubblicato 2025-10-12Pubblicato ultima volta 2025-10-13

黄金价格首次突破每盎司4000美元大关,与日本新首相的上任并非偶然巧合,而是全球对法定货币信用担忧的集中爆发。

国际金价在2025年10月8日突破每盎司4000美元历史关口,最高触及4059美元,创下历史新高。这一里程碑事件与日本新首相高市早苗的上任同时发生,反映出全球范围内对法定货币体系的信心动摇。 高市早苗的政策主张带有明显的“安倍经济学”烙印,她支持宽松货币政策并反对加息,同时提倡实施积极的财政政策。这一政策取向导致日元对美元汇率大幅下跌,跌破153关口,创下五个月来最大跌幅。

三国政策转向,货币信用基石动摇

​​日本政治变革引发金融市场剧烈波动​​。高市早苗当选自民党总裁后,日元对美元汇率应声下跌,日本股市却大幅上涨。这种分化反应体现市场对“早苗经济学”的复杂预期。 她主张“更加负责任的”财政扩张政策,并表示政府将与日本央行更加密切地协调。这种政策导向引发市场对日本债务可持续性的担忧,日本政府债务规模已突破1200万亿日元,占GDP比重超过250%。 ​​美国货币政策政治化趋势加剧​​。特朗普上任后持续对美联储独立性施加压力,甚至以“涉嫌谎报抵押贷款信息”为由试图解雇美联储理事莉萨·库克。 尽管美联储在9月宣布降息25个基点,但政治干预央行独立性的风险令市场担忧美元长期价值。 ​​欧洲央行独立性面临潜在压力​​。法国在一年多时间内更换了四位总理,而德国和法国的民粹主义政党在民调中领先。这些政治不稳定因素削弱了市场对欧元区财政可持续性的信心,推动资金流向黄金寻求避险。


三阶段上涨,黄金驱动力如何演变

​​第一阶段始于2022年俄乌冲突爆发后​​。西方国家冻结俄罗斯外汇储备的举动促使各国央行寻求“不会被对手冻结的资产”,开始大举增持黄金。全球官方黄金储备价值在2025年10月达到4.64万亿美元,较2024年底激增52.9%。 ​​第二阶段始于2025年4月​​。特朗普发起的贸易战削弱了市场对“美国作为全球经济体系稳定者”及“美元在该体系中核心地位”的信任。去美元化趋势加速,新兴市场央行继续增加黄金在储备资产中的比重,以降低对美元的依赖。 ​​第三阶段始于2025年8月末​​。美联储释放将降息以应对劳动力市场疲软的信号,尽管通胀率仍高于2%的目标。同时,美国政府因两党政治争端导致联邦政府“停摆”,进一步加剧市场不确定性。


债务危机与货币超发,黄金上涨的底层逻辑

​​全球债务问题持续恶化​​。美国国债利息支出在2024年首次超过国防预算,成为财政支出的第一大项。主要发达国家债台高筑,日本政府债务占GDP比例超过250%,法国达到114%,意大利甚至高达134.8%。 ​​债务可持续性公式面临挑战​​。当债务平均利率低于GDP名义增长率时,债务占GDP比例往往下降;反之则上升。2008年至2022年,尽管债务规模大幅攀升,但由于利率低于GDP名义增长率,债务可持续性较强。 如今情况逆转,摩根士丹利预测,到2030年,发达市场平均债务偿还成本将与经济增长率持平。这意味着要实现债务可持续性需要大幅削减开支或加税,这在政治层面难以推行。 ​​货币超发成为黄金上涨的底层推动力​​。美联储资产负债表从疫情前的4.2万亿美元扩张至当前的6.6万亿美元,净增2.4万亿美元。这种全球范围内的货币超发最终推动黄金等实物资产价值重估。



金价未来走势,市场分歧与共识

​​看多阵营观点积极​​。高盛将2026年底的黄金价格预测从每盎司4300美元上调至4900美元。花旗银行认为,若2026年美联储继续降息,黄金可能挑战5000美元大关。 ​​谨慎声音同样存在​​。美国银行认为黄金已兑现大部分上涨预期,目前略微超买,可能面临“上涨动能衰竭”。瑞银预测短期内金价可能回调至3800美元,但中长期看涨至4200美元。 ​​央行购金行为提供结构性支撑​​。全球央行已连续15年净购入黄金,2025年各国央行年度购金量预计达80吨。近一半的央行计划未来12个月继续增持黄金,这种需求为金价提供了坚实底部。

黄金价格突破每盎司4000美元不仅是一个数字里程碑,更是全球货币体系重构的信号弹。随着美国债务高企、日本货币政策面临政治压力,以及欧洲财政可持续性受到质疑,黄金作为“无国籍、无违约风险”的中性储备资产,其战略地位正被重新定义。 各央行也在行动中表明了态度:截至2025年9月,中国央行已连续11个月增持黄金,但黄金在中国官方国际储备资产中占比为7.7%,仍明显低于15%左右的全球平均水平。这一差距预示着央行购金需求可能将持续存在,为金价提供长期支撑。

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