开源镰刀 Open Rug 18 - 理解链上流动性

marsbitPubblicato 2024-08-13Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-08-14

”VC币已死“快变成共识了。真正的问题是,”VC融资-上所“路径在CEX已经没有接盘流动性了,15-20%的市场总流动性已经完全迁移到了链上,剩下的也在路上。链上流动性溢出,是这个周期meme爆火的根本原因

大人,时代变了,割链上而不是割CEX已成定局。但是,除了一周发我几十个pump仿盘deck,你还能做什么?

这时候你需要先理解链上流动性。

链上流动性长什么样?

链上流动性跟中心化交易所最大的不同是流动性模型主要为AMM而不是订单簿。AMM通过底池的总价值(TVL)公开当前交易对的总流动性,并在每个价格点上都有确定的流动性。而订单簿需要通过买卖挂单撮合成交,流动性主要依赖提供买卖双向报价的做市商,这导致流动性厚薄由做市商控制

订单簿的价格和流动性没有直接关联,流动性可被操控以引诱或放任市场波动,这使得订单簿模式可以在少量资金的情况下创造出超高市值,从而资金效率高,但事实上其实是一个类似互助盘的庞氏结构,好比在赌场赢钱了不给兑付(下跌区间流动性薄)

对于主流资产,订单簿模式的问题不大,因为交易需求足够高,但对于链上的长尾资产,如土狗和DeFi原生,做市商无利可图,AMM是最有效且对参与者最公平的交易模型

谁在链上提供流动性?

首先,链上流动性是以这几种形式来提供的:

1 DEX里的LP

2 JLP/GLP

3 各种链上机器人

4 散户

前两者其实都是同一个东西: 1 可以是土狗dev注入的底池,也可以是玩LP手续费策略(比如 @MeteoraAG 的DLMM)。2则是把LP所有权和手续费分红打包成理财产品卖给散户扛无常损失

3里面,包括所谓MEV大科,Pump内盘狙击,跟单机器人,靠触发跟单再backrun的聪明钱机器人,Jupiter狙击,本质上都是已经写好的策略,放了钱在里面,只要相关条件被触发,就会发起交易,相当于跟AMM一样确定性的流动性。在中心化交易场景,自动化策略占绝对多数。相应的,在链上自动化策略或者BOT由于链上准入门槛更低,占比应该更高

这部分很容易被误解,说bot占比多就意味着真实用户少,完全不是这样。链上流动性因为上述AMM对比订单簿的优点,流动性具有确定性,因此可以跑很多中心化场景无法发生的策略,尤其在低流动性资产上。

最后才是散户,或者说手动交易用户,占比相应较小。而他们的链上信息来源可能是3,所以相当于他们中很多都是自动化策略的附庸

为什么会有人提供流动性?

当然是因为收益啊赚钱啊,收益来自策略,而策略是一个相对概念。借贷、USDE套利、JLP这些成体系的是策略。但站在作为流动性的这笔钱的角度,被用来发一个土狗,或者被用来狙击公平发射开盘再快速卖出,同样是策略

也就是说,只要策略的风险收益足够好,容量足够大,那么就一定会有人去提供流动性,策略规模会越来越大,直到临近这个策略的容量边界,导致收益风险比下降到被其他策略超过的状况

因此不要去相信什么Solana或者主链上土狗数量爆炸,但只有很少的“毕业”,就以为流动性是在被阴谋集团抽离。很有可能恰恰相反,阴谋集团太赚钱了,正在扩编。越来越多资金被吸进土狗盘里,从而导致Solana或主链上的土狗总规模越来越大,流动性越来越大

觉得我这么说不能接受的,再去看看ETHENA的逻辑

怎么收割链上流动性?

首先理解你自己这个情景的流动性模型:

- 这个流动性以什么形式提供?

- 由谁提供?

- 为什么提供?

这里很多人犯错,会不由自主地wishful thinking,去主观大而化之的认为某个生态/场景流动性充足(比如先前的Base土狗)。必须具体到自己的退出流动性路径,知道“谁”以“什么方式”在提供流动性

比如,我个人认为很多pump仿盘会死的原因并不是运营做的不好或者单纯的卷,比如Makenow。而是Pump的根本业务只来自于最大化Bonding Curve上的交易量,而Bonding Curve上的各种策略机器人目前都是围绕着Pump进行的。

如果你是一个Pump的仿盘,你无法共享Pump上的机器人流动性,而是需要给自己的bonding curve阶段从零开始找机器人和流动性。Makenow本已经开始陆续有机器人支持,结果因为Twitter API功亏一篑。

这一点和你直接在Dex上发射是完全不一样的,因为Meteora也好Radyium也好,不论你射了个什么东西,上面的比如抢开盘机器人和对应流动性等等都是共享的,和Bonding Curve完全不是一个情况

最后,你必须要理解为什么会有人提供流动性(把买盘也当成流动性提供),那是因为你的流动性模型提供的收益风险比符合了某一个类型的流动性提供者的偏好。只要符合了这一点,你所需要做的只是写好DOC,方便这些流动性提供者对接。如果这一点上不make sense,调整模型。这里因为跟我有利益冲突,不继续深讲。

结语

链上相比之前的CEX场景还是一片相对蓝海,不要有先入为主的观念,这会损害你用第一性原理看透本质的效率。当你看到链上有人赚钱了,不要先骂人家镰刀开盘子了,这不会让你多赚一泰铢的钱。好好想想,是不是人家比你看到了更本质的东西。

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