Zelle发生数亿美元欺诈!摩根大通,美国银行等难逃调查...

币界网Pubblicato 2024-08-12Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-08-12

币界网报道:

作者:小岩

编辑:小鹿

根据外媒报道,CFPB(美国消费者金融保护局)正在调查支付平台Zelle上所出现的客户资金处理问题。据悉,该平台一直面临诈骗,欺诈交易审查等方面的质疑和投诉。

由于Zelle由摩根大通,富国银行,美国银行等全美7家最大财团组成,所以CFPB的主要调查对象还包括摩根大通,美国银行,富国银行等大型银行,旨在审查“当客户对通过Zelle进行的交易提出异议时,银行该如何应对”。由此可见,此次的调查范围,不可谓不大。

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即时支付平台Zelle涉嫌数亿美元欺诈和诈骗,摩根大通等银行因此接受调查...

照例,让我们先了解一下事件的始末经过。

就在最近,因为知名的即时支付平台Zelle涉嫌数亿美元的交易存在欺诈和诈骗行为,CFPB就“银行该如何处理网络上的争议交易”这一问题展开了调查。也正因此,有关“相关银行在阻止非法转账,特别是预防诈骗这一方面做得不够彻底”的投诉不绝于耳。所谓诈骗,在这里也有了实质性的定义,即有人在受到欺骗的情况下所进行的授权行为。

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在调查过程中,相关调查人员发现,其中的3家银行,即摩根大通,富国银行以及美国银行(这3家银行也是Zelle最大的所有者银行) 在审查客户和终止欺诈账户方面做得不够到位

调查小组委员会发现,2023年,这3家银行向举报Zelle骗局的受害者报销了38 %的费用,明显低于2019年的62%。小组委员会还表示,这3家银行共同拒绝偿还2021年至2023年间有争议的Zelle交易中的8.8亿美元。

对于这样的指控,Zelle方面显然是不能认可的。在参议院听证会上,Zelle母公司Early Warning Services的首席执行官Cameron Fowler就表示,超过99.9%的Zelle交易是在没有任何欺诈报告的情况下执行的,他还表示,“欺诈性Zelle交易的报销率不如犯罪本身重要,增加报销也不能解决这个问题”,意思是督促大家把重点放在犯罪分子身上,这才是整个社会,整个行业,整个政府最重要的解决方案。

很难讲,这样的说法是否是在避重就轻和转移话题。

反将一军!摩根大通考虑起诉监管机构。

面对这样的质疑,摩根大通率先站出来进行反驳和评论。该行表示,该机构正在“超越法律要求”,并警告称,“它可能不得不在法庭上质疑监管机构的行为”。

摩根大通方面表示,CFPB给了银行两个选择:要么寻求和解,要么面临执法行动。而公司则在评估接下来的步骤,这其中包括诉讼。

发言人还表示,CFPB认为包括摩根大通在内的几家银行违背了相关的法律要求,为所有未经授权的交易,甚至可以说是某些类型的骗局提供了报销。这样的说法本身就是不负责任的,“CFPB应该预料到会受到挑战,以确保他们的行动在法律范围内”。

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摩根大通方面还提出了一个十分值得讨论的观点:当客户们的账户因为被黑客入侵而蒙受损失时,银行是否应该对其进行赔偿?

按照联邦法规的要求,银行是需要偿还客户未经授权的付款,“账户被黑客入侵”便是其中之一。但在银行的眼里,要求银行退还客户被骗批准付款的转账是十分不合理的。按照他们的说法,“覆盖欺诈成本本身就会鼓励更多的欺诈行为发生,并由此造成更大的损失”。

但事实上,在很长的一段时间里,“用Zelle转账受骗,银行进行理赔”似乎是一个不成文的规矩。

在Zelle转账遭遇诈骗早就有之,仅2021年和2022年,仅仅计算经手的4间银行,就有近20万笔交易涉嫌诈骗,涉及金额高达2亿多元。彼时,为了进一步提高网络转帐的安全性,并杜绝诈骗行为的发生,参与Zelle转账的几家主要银行还讨论制定了理赔指南,并退还了受骗用户的损失和银行间的非法转账,这其中就有摩根大通。

据了解,数千家的金融机构都允许顾客通过Zelle系统转帐,诈欺者常常以银行名义发给用户电邮,短信或者是直接打电话,让用户将钱转入一个账户,用户误认为这个账户是自己的。通常情况下,这一类电话的来电显示为银行的客服热线,但实际上是将受害人的电话与诈欺帐户相连。按照规定,银行应当退还未经授权的转帐,但如果用户受了骗,已经将钱寄了出去不,那这些金额是没有办法收到保护的。

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获得众多银行支持和背书的Zelle,究竟是什么?

说到这里,我们就需要来聊聊本次事件的“始作俑者”——Zelle了。

Zelle是一个美国银行间的即时转账系统,最初由几家大银行发起成立。用户们可以使用邮箱和手机号注册这项服务,注册成功后,不同银行间的转账就不需要手续费了(只要双方使用的银行都是Zelle的合作伙伴即可) 。

转账时,用户只需要输入接收方注册Zelle时所使用的邮箱或者电话即可,实时到账。因为使用Zelle转账无需手续费,所以该项服务一上线,接入Zelle的银行便越来越多,就连华美(East West Bank)和国泰(Cathy Bank)这两家最大的美国本土华人银行也推出了Zelle转账功能。

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不过,与常规的转账一样,除非接收Zelle转账的邮箱或者手机号没有注册Zelle,否则资金会直接进入对方的银行账户,无法撤回或者取消。一旦转错,也只能看对方愿不愿意退给你,收款方如果不愿意退,银行没有办法解决,即便报警也无济于事。也正因此,有人建议在使用Zelle转账时,可以尽量选择让收款方发起收款请求(Request), 尽量避免使用自己主动转账(Send)。

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不过,使用Zelle转账,还有一个pending可以加以利用,防范风险。通常有以下两种情况可以使用pending:一是银行认为这笔转账有风险,需要调查,必要时银行会选择银行账户,需要客户打电话去银行解锁;二是收款方大量接收Zelle转账,银行会认为是高风险,对收款方的账户展开调查,调查清楚后才会变成completed。

从根本上说,大家对银行监管方式,监管力度以及监管内容产生了质疑和争议,是包括摩根大通在内的几家银行本次身陷调查风波的根本原因。

图片来源于网络

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