给 RWA 创业者的建议:法律工程至关重要

foresightnewsPubblicato 2024-01-23Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-01-24

Introduzione

区块链上的 RWA 是无许可系统上的许可系统,是无许可链上的许可智能合约。

区块链上的 RWA 是无许可系统上的许可系统,是无许可链上的许可智能合约。


撰文:prestonbyrne

编译:Luffy,Foresight News


在开始讨论无聊的法律问题之前,我先给大家讲一个十年前的故事。


那是在 2014 年六月份,我与另外两个人共同创立了第一家许可型区块链公司。 (是的,这应该是第一家许可型区块链公司,一年后 Mike Casey 在《华尔街日报》上发表的关于我们的文章)我们共有三位联合创始人:伊拉克战争英雄和法律黑客 Casey Kuhlman、来自圭尔夫大学的杰出的量子数学家和 LLL 智能合约编码员 Tyler Jackson 博士,以及我。


这个项目起源于一场竞赛,具体来说是一项奖金,是由比特币爱好者和霍普式无政府主义者 Olivier Janssens 在阿姆斯特丹 2014 年比特币会议后不久宣布的。大约在同一时间,当时因 Mighty Ducks 出名、现在因与行业领先公司 Blockchain Capital 的合作而闻名的 Brock Pierce 被选为比特币基金会董事会成员。在某些圈子里,这被认为是一个有争议的举动。Pierce 年轻时曾与好莱坞的一些坏家伙混在一起,他的反对者指出,Pierce 年轻时的这些经历是反对他参与比特币基金会管理的理由。


我没有参与那场战斗。不过,就本故事而言,你应该知道的是 Pierce 的对手 Janssens 参与了。事实上,他对 Pierce 的当选非常愤怒,以至于宣布悬赏 10 万美元,试图用计算机代码取代比特币基金会。Casey、Tyler 和我很快组建了一个团队来设计、编码并发布一份白皮书,解释第一个以太坊 DAO,我们称之为 Eris,它将允许用户执行以下功能:在一个名为以太坊的新的、尚未上线的平台上运营非营利组织和进行众筹,具体来说是在以太坊的概念验证版本 3 上。


Janssens 对我们使用一个不是比特币的新区块链平台不以为然,他向当时的比特币核心开发者 Mike Hearn 颁发了 50,000 美元(而不是 100,000 美元)的大奖,奖励他制作的幻灯片。 (众所周知,Hearn 在两年后的 2016 年熊市期间愤怒地退出了比特币。)Janssens 还慷慨地给予了我们团队 10,000 美元的二等奖,以缓解我们的困境。


这个原型后来成为第一个获得许可的区块链客户端,并最终完成了诸如自动化 R3 银行联盟的第一个商业票据应用程序和德意志银行部署的第一个债券原型之类的事情。


换句话说:我们着手将加密世界与现实世界融合起来。我们失败了,坦率地说,在接下来的十年里,大多数其他类似的实验也基本上以失败告终。


虽然我们在销售软件方面相当不成功,但我们的十人小作坊非常成功地让银行相信我们的原型是有效的。而且在与那些剽窃我们灵感的公司竞争的数年中,我们也是成功的。他们打电话假装想要投资,然后利用他们传统金融老人的身份筹集了数百万美元,试图抢走我们的风头,比如 Blythe Masters 的 Digital Asset Holdings 和 R3。他们没有原创性,试图模仿我们不是个好主意,因为我们还太早了。


我现在向你们讲述这个故事是因为我看到它在两个领域重新引起争议:首先是 DAO 领域,新型组织的实验经常使组织的软件感到困惑。其次,在所谓的 RWA(即「现实世界资产」)领域,我看到新的企业家渴望通过在我们的行业和传统金融之间建立更多桥梁,以 ETF 批准的形式跟进加密货币的巨大胜利。


我们过去吸取了一些教训,你必须重新学习,希望这是简单的方法,而不是困难的方法。其中一个教训是……


RWA 和区块链的结合需要法律工程。


如果你读过我们的 Eris 白皮书,我们在 10 年前就写道:


「我们的首要设计目标之一是继续设计和构建 DAO,使其完全遵守法律和监管义务。下面列出了 Eris 0.1 版本中包含的功能类型,我们将其与现实世界的法律实体(最好是非营利组织)结合起来,以便这些组织可以从区块链和加密技术带来的显著效率中受益,同时仍然遵守所在司法管辖区的法律。」


请记住,我们写这篇文章的时候是 2014 年,那是以太坊和 DeFi 出现之前。


ETF 之后,我认为链上 RWA 的时代可能即将来临。一些聪明的年轻人会解决这个问题,多数人不会。我已经看到并将继续看到许多自称为「DAO」的项目,它们忽略了难题的法律结构部分,创建了一个代币,然后希望它能解决一切问题。比如第一个大型 DAO,即 2016 年的 DAO,每个人都称之为「DAO」,它在我们的 DAO 之后两年才出现,但它完全搞砸了法律结构,即使没有可重入错误,它也注定会失败。


Basis 和克隆版 Luna 等算法稳定币是其他没有遵守法律的项目。我读了他们的白皮书,只看到了货物崇拜(注:货物崇拜是一种宗教形式,出现于一些与世隔绝的落后土著之中。当货物崇拜者看见外来的先进科技物品,便会将之当作神祇般崇拜)似的法律思想,表明作者对基本金融法和经济学的理解大致相当于一所排名倒数的大学的商科研究新生的水平。


这些二十多岁的项目创始人中有很多来自斯坦福、普林斯顿、谷歌和 Jane Street 等,但在现实生活中却像棒槌一样愚蠢。看看 Basis 和 Luna 尤其是如何应对的诸如「债券」、「股票」、美联储、税收以及「在所有经济条件下都能获得可预测回报」的承诺等等。不出所料,这些项目都走向了失败。


当我们开始另一场加密货币热潮时,我预计会看到并且已经看到许多开发人员构建和部署不完整的新资产协议或不成熟的 DAO,这些协议在法律方面缺少非常基本的东西,希望牛市能够解决他们的代码没有解决的问题。请听我一言:牛市不会修复你不完整的项目,它只会加重错误的后果。


你可以避免这些错误。当然,教训是,当你想为 shitcoin degen(我认为在一天中的某些时候,我自己是其中之一)以外的人构建产品时,你必须做更多的前期设计工作并考虑到「RWA」的「现实世界」部分,不遗漏任何内容。


对于探索 RWA 空间的区块链开发人员,我的建议是:请记住,区块链上的 RWA 是无许可系统上的许可系统,是无许可链上的许可智能合约。资产必须有自己的规则手册,该规则手册与资产所在的链是分开且不同的。


该规则手册始终是法律规则手册。智能合约必须响应法院命令,因此几乎肯定需要行政废除 /「主密钥」,它可以根据需要重写资产的所有权或其行为的任何方面(当然不会删除资产状态变化,因为这是不可能的)。遵守包括废除在内的法律手续是申请被市场接受的必要条件。


当你构建这些东西时,请确保你身边有一名律师,他们非常了解你正在使用的资产类别,了解该资产类别的规则手册,不是把他们放在法律部门,而是将他们安置到业务职能部门。换句话说,尽早将该律师整合到你的开发团队中,以确保你的规范符合现实世界的要求。


这样做,你将有更好的机会构建一个应用程序,彻底改变这些资产的拥有和交易方式。

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