TVL月增1亿,Renzo何以在Restaking赛道占据一席之地?

Odaily星球日报Pubblicato 2024-01-23Pubblicato ultima volta 2024-01-23

Introduzione

无限制EigenLayer存款额度,或是TVL暴涨原因。

原创 | Odaily星球日报

作者 | 南枳

TVL月增1亿,Renzo何以在Restaking赛道占据一席之地?

再质押(Restaking)无疑是过去两年的最热门叙事之一。

以太坊头部再质押协议 EigenLayer TVL 超过 77 万枚 ETH,多次开放存款窗口都在极短时间内触达开放上限。基于 EigenLayer 的重质押协议 Renzo 上线仅仅三个月,TVL 就超过了 1 亿美元,而这一增长基本在今年 1 月所达成。

Renzo 究竟有何优势,得以在 Restaking 赛道占据一席之地?

Restaking 和 EigenLayer

什么是 Restaking

Restaking 的概念由 Eigenlayer 创始人 Sreeram Kannan 提出,其核心机制允许将 ETH 和各类 LST,再次质押在其他协议或链上并参与其验证过程。EigenLayer 通过主动验证服务(Actively Validated Services, AVS)来直接对接以太坊的安全性和流动性,让使用方享受以太坊安全性,并且无需另行建立一套经济和验证体系。

一言蔽之,EigenLayer 是一个代币经济安全(cryptoeconomic security)的租借市场。

代币经济安全(cryptoeconomic security),指的是各协议为确保有效运作的同时,具备无许可、去中心化的属性,需要网络的验证者以代币质押的方式参与项目,验证者如果未能履约,其质押的代币将被罚没(Slashing)。

EigenLayer 作为平台方,一方面向 LSD 持有人募集资产,另一方面,以募集到的 LSD 资产作为抵押品,向中间件、应用链、Rollup 等 AVS 需求方提供便捷、低成本的 AVS 服务,EigenLayer 是匹配服务提供者,有专门的质押服务商负责具体的质押的安全保障服务。

Restaking 的供需双方

在 Restaking 模式出现前,如果想要通过构建自有验证节点网络实现安全启动和运行,需要付出极高的经济成本和时间成本,项目方需要建立网络,以高估值发行代币,以满足验证者奖励需求,验证者需要投资硬件,并进行初始代币质押,并且将造成源源不断的激励抛压。

而通过 Restaking,各协议能够减少自行构建信任网络的成本,无需自建而是付费购买 EigenLayer 上的资产和验证者,在低成本的前提下也能享受充分的安全性,并且能够根据自身不同发展阶段的需求等级,调整安全等级。

而对于 LST(如 stETH、rETH、cbETH 等)提供者,通过 EigenLayer,在获得原生的质押奖励时,还能进一步获得业务需求方的新一层奖励。

Renzo

EigenLayer 存在什么问题?

EigenLayer 使用 LST 作为抵押物为 AVS 提供保护。但这并不意味着 AVS 的验证服务可以提供和以太坊一样的安全性。以太坊强大的安全性是由其庞大的节点数量和 ETH 质押量提供的,而业务需求方从 EigenLayer 上购买的验证服务,节点数量和质押量都达不到以太坊的同等水平。简而言之, EigenLayer 所提供的安全性是有限的

此外 Renzo 白皮书指出,EigenLayer 还面临着分配策略的问题

用户需要决定保护众多 AVS 中的一个或多个组合,最理想情况是用户可以 100% 保护所有 AVS、运营商行为诚实、罚没(Slashing)风险最低。然而,要建立一个稳健的 Restaking 系统,再质押者必须能够量化罚没风险,并选择保护某些更有利的 AVS,同时减少参与其他具有较低吸引力的 AVS。

Renzo 假设了一种只有 3 个 AVS 的场景,则将有 7 种分配策略:

①仅保护 AVS A;②仅保护 AVS B;③仅保护 AVS C;④同时保护 AB;……⑦同时保护 ABC

而随着 AVS 的增加,选择将指数级别增长,仅在 EigenLayer 上运行的 15 个 AVS ,就有 32, 767 种可能策略。此外还有多种因素需要考虑,包括扩展需求、AVS 的安全审计、AVS 本身的经济模型等。

Renzo 如何解决

Renzo 表示,其抽象了最终端用户 Restaking 的复杂流程,再质押者不必担心运营商和奖励策略的主动选择和管理。

Renzo 将 AVS 的风险分为两类,罚没风险和流动性风险,通过量化计算以构建投资组合。

  • 罚没风险:计算保护一个或多个 AVS 的最大损失(MaxLoss),最大损失越高,策略风险越大。帮助判定保护新 AVS 的额外风险,或者权衡选择某个 AVS 而不是另一个风险更大的 AVS。

  • 流动性风险:Renzo 定义了一种风险调整后激励比率(RAR),通过计算质押奖励、基础花费和最大损失来计算。类似于夏普比,计算投资的回报和风险来评估投资的绩效,用户会希望最大化投资组合的 RAR,并向提升 RAR(即提供更高回报和更低罚没风险)的 AVS 分配更多资金。

Renzo 表示,还将在后续文档中发布更多细节,但目前暂未公开。

融资情况

一周前,EigenLayer 生态流动性再质押协议 Renzo 宣布完成320 万美元种子轮融资,Maven 11 领投,SevenX Ventures、IOSG Ventures、Figment Capital、Bodhi Ventures、OKX Ventures、Mantle Ecosystem、Robot Ventures、Paper Ventures 等参投。据 OKX Ventures 表示,这是其在 EigenLayer 生态里首个官宣投资的项目

积分计划

1 月 4 日,Renzo 宣布已上线积分计划 Renzo ezPoints。ezPoints 旨在奖励为协议做出贡献的用户,获得积分的首个方式是铸造 ezETH,ezETH 是 Renzo 的流动性再质押代币,它会自动获取奖励并确保流动性,ezETH 允许用户参与 DeFi,同时保留再质押奖励。而向 DEX 中提供 ezETH 流动性的用户,还将获得 ezPoints 的额外乘数奖励。

此外 Renzo 表示,EigenLayer 的 LST 存款有数额上线,但原生 ETH 存款暂未设限,但大多数用户很难获得,因为其要求用户拥有 32 枚 ETH 并运行与 EigenLayer 集成的 Ethereum 节点来运行 EigenPods。而在 Renzo 中存入代币是没有额度上限的,这也成为了 Renzo TVL 暴涨的主要因素之一。

结论

EigenLayer 于去年 3 月完成 5000 万美元 A 轮融资,每轮存款额度开放也都快速触达硬顶。Renzo 所提供的无限制存款为用户提供了通畅的参与途径,并能同时获得 EigenLayer 和 Renzo 的多重积分奖励。另一方面,EigenLayer 直到 2024 年年中才会开始保护 AVS,其具体运行流程和细节仍有待进一步探索;Renzo 在最根本的代币经济安全分配问题上,为 Restaking 提供了实际应用的逻辑和方法指引。

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