了解专用验证节点网络:Avalanche的扩容方案

雪崩协议FansPubblicato 2022-04-28Pubblicato ultima volta 2022-04-28

Introduzione

DFK子网开启了新的纪元,也凸显了Avalanche与其他区块链的核心区别。

Avalanche的成功和飞速发展有目共睹。初期,Avalanche的竞争优势来自全新的Snow共识协议(详见下表)。
这种全新的架构集经典共识和中本聪共识的优势于一身,也让Avalanche逐渐与市场上最具规模的区块链协议并驾齐驱。这些协议既有模块化区块链,也有单体架构区块链。尽管单体架构也有一定的优点,但是在我看来它完全弊大于利。

AVALANCHE

从运营成本导致的集中化到网络中断的风险,单体区块链的扩容前景十分黯淡。与之相对的是一种更具前瞻性的设计:系统中,建立在主链上的每条子链都由动态节点提供安全验证。Avalanche就采用了这种模块化的思路,推出了专用验证节点网络,也就是子网。

AVALANCHE

AB跨链桥跻身以太坊跨链桥TVL前5
来源:https://dune.xyz/vaishnavpuri/AVAX-Dashbo

AVALANCHE

Avalanche TVL前10项目
来源:https://stats.avax.network/dashboard/network-status/

AVALANCHE

AB桥跨链代币前5名
由于子网经济模型的采用和Avalanche的价值累积直接相关,我们很有必要深入了解子网的独特之处和魅力。
子网的扩容方式是让大量验证节点积极参与到共识中来。每条链仅由一个子网验证,但一个子网可以验证多条链。每个子网都有自己的治理机制,还可要求其节点具备特定属性(如通过KYC/AML检查、位于特定国家、持有特定执照)。要成为子网的节点,需要质押AVAX,成为主网的节点,即验证Avalanche内置区块链的网络。这些内置区块链包括:

  • 交易链(X链)   
  • 平台链(P链)   
  • 合约链(C链)

X链是创建和交易AVAX资产的去中心化平台,使用Avalanche虚拟机(AVM)。C链用于智能合约的交互和启动,使用以太坊虚拟机(EVM)。P链跟踪记录所有活跃子网,是创建新子网的平台。

AVALANCHE

因为子网并不分担主网的网络负载,所以子网的延迟更低、吞吐量(tps)更高、交易手续费更低。因此,验证节点的CPU和磁盘用量不会随着交易数量的增长而增长。
由于互操作性高,子网间资产转移非常顺畅,不需要用到信标链或中继链。子网可以自主选择其使用的虚拟机。下表呈现了AVM和EVM的主要区别:

AVALANCHE

来源:https://stats.avax.network/dashboard/network-status/
看到这里,你可能会好奇:L2扩容方案和子网有哪些区别呢?简单来说,L2网络是无法互操作的,会出现流动性分散的情况。例如,以太坊和它的L2网络(Arbitrum/Optimism)上的流动性池是完全分离的。
资产的可转移性对以大规模采用为目标的网络是至关重要的,这也是各大DeFi协议争夺主导地位的一大原因。与之相反,Avalanche的子网则提供了一种主动的扩容方法。
Avalanche子网为验证节点提供了极大的“钱”景。如今,捕捉早期红利是一件非常困难的事,这主要是因为市场参与者不断增加。新项目到Avalanche启动子网,需要主网的验证节点为它们提供验证,这将为节点提供源源不断的机会。根据Avalanche的预期,新项目会利用ISO(首次子网发行)和阶段性代币解锁来吸引节点。从这个意义上讲,验证节点将成为一种新的稀缺资源。
另一方面,子网与Avalanche共享安全性的前提是所有子网节点都要验证P链,这会提高节点的硬件要求。
用例:GameFi
领先的GameFi(打金游戏)项目DeFi Kingdoms(DFK)的EVM子网扩大了Avalanche子网的知名度。GameFi是一个快速增长的领域,DFK子网的启动将吸引更多游戏项目的加入。例如,近日Terra宣布与Avalanche建立合作,并买入了价值1亿美元的AVAX。

AVALANCHE

DFK热度不断攀升
来源:https://www.footprint.network/
Crabada
Crabada是另一个在Avalanche子网运行的GameFi项目。Crabada将启动一个游戏专属子网:Swimmer Network。子网启动后,玩家的操作成本将下降高达85%。手续费补贴模型(fee cover)是Swimmer Network的另一项关键创新,用于降低入场摩擦,即新玩家无需获得gas货币也能参与游戏,类似于一现在的F2P免费游戏。游戏将为玩家提供手续费补贴,具体额度由游戏制作团队决定。Swimmer Network目前还在alpha测试阶段,GameFi社群会对手续费补贴机制有怎样的反馈值得届时关注。

AVALANCHE

Crabada玩家数量与交易总额
来源:https://avascan.info/blockchain/c/address/0xA32608e873F9DdEF944B24798db69d80Bbb4d1ed/transactions
结论
随着区块空间日益稀缺,以去中心化为理想的安全扩容方案扮演着前所未有的重要角色。Avalanche凭借子网的设计和实现,取得了巨大的飞跃。DFK子网开启了新的纪元,也凸显了Avalanche与其他区块链的核心区别。
在大量涌现的优秀项目中,我个人比较关注一个叫DeepSquare的项目,它是一个高性能的计算生态系统。DeepSquare的目标是建立去中心化的超级计算机,赋能高效的中性网络模块。最近我和项目团队进行了一些交流,了解了他们的思路。
我很好奇他们为什么会选择Avalanche子网这个新生事物,而不是更成熟的平台。DeepSquare的BD负责人Diarmuid Daltùn告诉我,他们要做的是一个尽可能去中心化的系统。他们看中的不仅是子网的性价比,也有它的能源效率,因为他们的核心理念是打造完全由可再生能源驱动的超级计算机集群。
DeepSquare不仅是Avalanche上开发的无数个领先项目之一,也是一个信号:我们将看到大批创新项目以雪崩之势加入Avalanche子网。

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