韩厂研发出全新控制器,可在元宇宙空间内感受虚拟触觉

巴比特Pubblicato 2022-04-25Pubblicato ultima volta 2022-04-25

Introduzione

人类每次技术大爆炸必然都伴随着生活方式的巨变。

人类每次技术大爆炸必然都伴随着生活方式的巨变。例如电话的出现直接打破了原本世界空间上的壁障,并且还间接影响了此后几十年社会经济、生产生活,甚至战争;再比如互联网的普及,它不仅突破了空间的限制,而且还打破了时间的限制,于是人类的所有生产、生活开始数字化,地球村真的来了。
而当今无疑正在经历新一轮的技术爆炸,区块链、云计算、量子计算、人工智能、虚拟现实等等如泉涌现,这也必然带来新的生产、生活方式。目前,人们普遍认为,元宇宙可能是下一代互联网的形态,类比移动互联网对PC互联网的升级,元宇宙可能比移动互联网拥有更多维度的现实与虚拟世界的互动与融合,不仅满足人们的精神需求,还可以大幅提高劳动生产率。
但目前问题出就出在我们还未撬开元宇宙的大门,一方面是内容的匮乏,即便能够进入虚拟世界里面也无法与现实一一匹配;而另一方面则是硬件问题,例如当前的显示头盔太过笨重不方便使用等,当然最尖锐的问题还是在于交互的不完善,除了视觉与听觉外,触觉几乎没有,这让人们距进入元宇宙还差临门一脚。
当然各大科技公司仍是在积极解决这个问题的。近期,据外媒报道,韩国尖端研究所开发出了全新控制器 SpinOcchio,可以让玩家在元宇宙空间内感受虚拟触觉,体验你与数据世界更亲密的接触;而在此之前,Meta(前Facebook)旗下的Reality实验室也对外展示过一款AR/VR原型触觉手套,那么当前虚拟触觉已发展到什么地步了,它的出现又对元宇宙有作用呢?
01困在实验室的虚拟触觉
我们先来看看韩国研制的触觉控制器SpinOcchio(Spin用于旋转机构,Occhio代表意大利语单词“眼睛”),SpinOcchio 是由韩国尖端研究所 MAKinteract 实验室开发的新产品,搭载的新技术可以让虚拟现实用户在虚拟世界中尽可能逼真地触摸和感受物体。
同时,它还能够渲染在两根手指之间捏合的虚拟物体的厚度和滑动,这是使用带有旋转和旋转圆盘的机制实现的,该机制将切向的皮滑运动应用于指尖。使用SpinOcchio,我们确定了皮肤滑动的基线触觉辨别阈值,并且使用这些结果,我们测试了如何在VR中通过不同的视觉线索感知运动和厚度的触觉真实感。

图片来源:SpinOcchio演示视频 截图
据MAKinteract透露,SpinOcchio 预计将于 4 月底在 4 月 30 日至 5 月 5 日在新奥尔良举行的 2022 ACM CHI 计算系统中的人为因素会议上发布。
然后再来看看对元宇宙最激进的科技巨头Meta去年底展示的触觉原型手套,据悉这只触觉原型手套里面有大约15个脊状的可充气塑料垫,它们是塑料微小电机,也被称为执行器。这些垫子被安排在佩戴者的手掌、手指底部和指尖。手套还充当了VR控制器,背面有小的白色标记,让相机跟踪手指如何在空间中移动,它还有内部传感器,捕捉佩戴者的手指如何弯曲。

当你戴上手套并进入VR或AR体验时,一个复杂的控制系统会调整充气水平,对你的手的不同部位产生压力。如果你用指尖触摸一个虚拟物体,你会感觉到该物体压入你的皮肤的感觉。如果你抓着一个虚拟物品,长长的手指推杆会变硬,产生一种阻力的感觉。这些感觉与视觉和听觉线索一起作用,产生物理触摸的错觉。
看到这里是不是觉得元宇宙中所缺失的触觉马上就将得到补充了?但事实并非如此,例如SpinOcchio虽然能够模拟出虚拟物体的厚度,但是对于物体究竟是什么材质、硬度如何、温热如何依旧是一无所知。再比如包裹性更强的Meta触觉原型手套,它能够模拟出压力、尺寸、重量、弯曲、扭转等多种触觉,可是还是咱们前面提到的虚拟物体的材质(手感)、硬度、温度等更多触觉无法得到反馈,而且它与VR设备一样在穿戴上也不够方便,虚拟触觉困在实验室里。
02为什么要期待虚拟触觉
前面提到,当前虚拟触觉仍然停留在实验室阶段,但它绝对不是食之无味、弃之可惜的鸡肋,它是打开元宇宙世界的最重要一块拼图。
听觉、视觉、味觉、嗅觉、触觉五感是打开元宇宙的五把钥匙。其中听觉早就已经做得不错了,我们戴着具备空间音频功能的耳机时候,就能模拟出空间感觉,例如我们转头,声音会随着我们的头在转动;嗅觉也已经有了, 因为我们电子烟的行业比较发达,能用一个加热的手段去加热一个化学的合成物,去产生各种各样的味道,不管是要泥土的味道,还是花香,还是风,还是大海的味道,这些味道基本都能产生。
目前较为成熟的还是视觉,在视觉呈现上,目前不仅有VR、AR设备,而且还有可将现实与虚拟结合起来进行人机互动的可穿戴设备——XR,其中一些旗舰产品视觉分辨率已接近4K ,并具备 90-120Hz 刷新率,基本消除了晕眩感。
不过触觉就比较麻烦了,就像影片中描述的一样,我们实现了触觉以后,才能实现一个不出戏的元宇宙,才能为消费者创造一个非常身临其境的体验。那触觉怎么办呢?我们如何让消费者,让我们的从业者,让我们的客户在去触摸一个物体的时候,比如这只笔,比如杯子,去感受到杯子表面的温度,感受到陶瓷杯子的光滑度,这些都是一个没解决的问题。
但是虚拟触觉依旧值得期待,这不仅仅是因为虚拟触觉能够大幅提升元宇宙的真实性,更在于它是可实现的,就行几十年前硕大的晶体管到现在低至4nm的半导体,差的只是时间。

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