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How Are L1 Blockchain's Fee Revenues Gradually 'Eaten Away' by L2s, Proprietary AMMs, and Hyperliquid?

This analysis examines how Layer-1 (L1) blockchain transaction fee revenues are systematically eroded by innovations like Layer-2 solutions (L2), private AMMs, and platforms like Hyperliquid. Bitcoin’s fee revenue, driven by network congestion, has diminished over cycles due to optimizations like SegWit, batching, and Lightning Network, with recent activity like Ordinals providing only short-lived spikes. Ethereum’s DeFi and NFT booms once generated massive fees, but L2 rollups and the Dencun upgrade (EIP-4844) drastically reduced data costs, causing a 95% drop in L1 fee revenue as activity migrated off-chain. Solana’s revenue relies heavily on MEV and priority fees from memecoin trading. However, private AMMs and Hyperliquid’s off-chain order routing are capturing the most profitable transactions, compressing Solana’s MEV earnings by over 90% from their peak. Hyperliquid platform, while currently profitable from perpetual trading, faces future fee compression as it competes with traditional finance venues like CME, where fee structures are vastly more efficient. The report concludes that L1s struggle to sustainably capture value from fees due to structural dynamics in permissionless networks. Token valuations are increasingly decoupled from fee-based earnings, relying instead on staking yields, ETFs, narratives, and macro liquidity—making them vulnerable to sentiment shifts and speculative flows.

比推02/26 14:58