全球市场同步暴跌:谁是真正的幕后推手

比推Publicado a 2025-11-21Actualizado a 2025-11-21

撰文:Liam,深潮 TechFlow

原标题:全球大暴跌,究竟发生了什么?


11 月 21 日,黑色星期五

美股跳水,港股大跌,A 股同步下行,比特币一度跌破 8.6 万美元,就连避险的黄金也持续下挫。

所有风险资产像被同一只无形的手按住,同时溃败。

这不是某个资产的危机,而是全球市场的一次系统性共振下跌,究竟发生了什么?

全球暴跌,大家来比惨

继遭遇“黑色星期一”后,美股再次迎来大跌。

纳斯达克 100 指数从日内高点暴跌近 5%,最终收跌 2.4%,较 10 月 29 日创下的纪录高点回撤幅度扩大至 7.9%。英伟达股价从一度上涨超 5% 到收盘转跌,整个市场一夜之间蒸发 2 万亿美元。

大洋彼岸的港股和 A 股未能幸免。

恒生指数下跌 2.3%,上证指数跌破 3900 点,跌幅近 2%。

当然,要说最惨还得是加密市场。

比特币跌破 86000 美元,以太坊跌破 2800 美元,24 小时超 24.5 万人爆仓 9.3 亿美元。

从 10 月份 12.6 万美元高点开始下跌,并一度跌破 9 万美元,比特币不仅抹去 2025 年来的全部涨幅,且较年初价格下跌 9%,一股恐慌情绪在市场中开始蔓延。

更可怕的是,作为风险资产的“对冲”,黄金,也没能扛住,11 月 21 日下跌 0.5%,在 4000 美元每盎司徘徊。

谁是罪魁祸首?

美联储首当其冲。

过去两个月,市场一直沉浸在“12 月降息”的预期中,但美联储突然的态度转向,像一桶冷水浇在所有风险资产头上。

在最近的讲话中,多位联储官员罕见地集体偏鹰:通胀下降慢、劳动力市场韧性强,必要时“不排除再收紧”。

这等于告诉市场:

“12 月降息?想太多。”

CME “美联储观察”数据印证了情绪崩塌的速度:

一个月前还 93.7% 的降息概率,如今跌到 42.9%。

预期的突然破灭,使得美股与加密市场瞬间从 KTV 进入 ICU。

美联储刺破降息预期后,市场最关注的只有一家公司,英伟达。

英伟达交出超预期的 Q3 财报,按道理应该点燃科技股,可就是这么一个“完美”利好,持续不了多久,就迅速翻绿、高位跳水。

利好不涨,就是最大的利空。

特别是在高估值的科技股周期里,如果利好不再推高股价,反而成了出逃机会。

这个时候,持续做空英伟达的大空头 Burry 也来火上浇油。

Burry 连续发文质疑英伟达与 OpenAI、微软、甲骨文等 AI 公司之间错综复杂的数十亿美元“循环融资”,他表示:

真正的终端需求小得可笑,几乎所有客户都由其经销商提供资金。

Burry 此前已对 AI 泡沫发出多次警告,并将 AI 繁荣与互联网泡沫相提并论。

高盛(Goldman Sachs)合伙人 John Flood 在一份给客户的报告中直言,单一的催化剂并不足以解释这场剧烈逆转。

他认为,目前市场情绪伤痕累累,投资者已全面进入盈亏保护模式,过度关注对冲风险。

高盛的交易团队总结了当前九个导致美股下跌的因素:

英伟达利多出尽

尽管 Q3 财报超预期,但英伟达股价未能维持涨势,高盛评论称,“真正的好消息没有得到回报,通常是一个坏兆头”,市场已对这些利好提前定价。

私人信贷疑虑升温

美联储理事 Lisa Cook 公开警告私人信贷领域存在潜在的资产估值脆弱性,及其与金融体系的复杂关联可能带来风险,引发市场警惕,隔夜信贷市场利差扩大。

就业数据未能定心

9 月非农就业报告虽然稳健,但缺乏足够的明确性来指导联储局 12 月的利率决策,降息机率仅小幅上升,未能有效安抚市场对利率前景的疑虑。

加密货币崩盘传导

比特币跌破 9 万美元的心理关口,引发了更广泛的风险资产抛售,其下跌时点甚至领先于美股的暴跌,暗示风险情绪的传导可能始于高风险领域。

CTA 抛售加速

商品交易顾问基金(CTA)此前已处于极度做多状态。随着市场跌破短期技术阈值,CTA 系统性卖盘开始加速,加剧了抛压。

空军重新入场

市场动能的逆转为空军提供了机会,做空部位开始重新活跃,推动股价进一步下跌。

海外市场表现不佳

亚洲关键科技股(如 SK 海力士和软银)的疲软表现,未能为美股提供正面的外部环境支撑。

市场流动性枯竭

高盛数据显示,标普 500 指数顶级买卖盘的流动性规模显著恶化,降至远低于年内平均水平。这种零流动性状态使得市场吸收卖单的能力极差,小规模抛售即可导致大幅波动。

宏观交易主导市场

交易所交易基金(ETF)的交易量占市场总成交量的比例飙升,这表明市场交易更多是由宏观视角和被动型资金驱动,而非个股基本面,加剧了整体趋势的下跌动能。

牛市结束了吗?

回答这个问题,不妨先看看桥水基金创始人 Ray Dalio 周四最新的观点。

他认为,虽然人工智能(AI)相关投资正推动市场形成泡沫,但投资者不必因此急于清仓。

当前市场状况并不完全类似于投资者在 1999 年和 1929 年见证过的泡沫顶峰。相反,根据他监测的一些指标,美国市场目前大约处于那个水平的 80%。

这并不意味着投资者应该抛售股票。“我想重申的是,泡沫破裂之前,很多东西可能还会上涨,”达里奥表示。

在我们看来,11·21 的下跌并不是突发的“黑天鹅”,而是一场高度一致预期后的集体挤兑,同时也暴露出一些关键问题。

全球市场的真实流动性非常脆弱。

目前,“科技 + AI”成为全球资金的拥挤赛道,任何小的拐点都会触发连锁反应。

特别是,现在越来越多的量化策略交易、ETF 和被动资金支撑起市场流动性,也改变了市场结构,越多交易策略自动化,越容易形成“同一方向的踩踏”。

所以,在我们看来本次下跌本质上是:

自动化交易与资金拥挤度过高造成的“结构性暴跌”。

此外,一个有意思的现象是,这次下跌反而是比特币先行,加密第一次真正进入了全球资产定价链条。

BTC、ETH 不再是边缘资产,它们已经成为了全球风险资产的温度计,而且是情绪的最前端。

基于以上分析,我们认为市场并不是真正进入熊市,而是进入一个高波动市场阶段,市场需要时间重新校准“增长 + 利率”的预期。

AI 的投资周期也不会立刻结束,但“无脑涨”的时代结束了,市场接下来会从预期驱动转向盈利兑现,无论美股还是 A 股皆是如此。

作为此轮下跌周期中,下跌最早,杠杆最高、流动性最弱的风险资产,加密货币下跌最猛,但反弹也常常最先出现。


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