SEC 对 DeFi 监管释放积极信号,对加密行业意义几何?

深潮Publicado a 2025-09-15Actualizado a 2025-09-16

“DeFi符合美国核心价值”。

撰文:胖梅梅律师

“一旦“创新豁免”从构想走向实施,美国DeFi生态将可能摆脱当前面临的部分合规模糊地带,项目方可在更清晰的法律框架内推进技术落地与商业模式探索。这不仅有助于本土项目发展,也可能吸引海外DeFi建设者回归美国市场,形成更加健康、合规、具有竞争力的去中心化金融图景。”

今天,我们来聊一个让整个加密社区都振奋的话题:美国证券交易委员会(SEC)一改以往对去中心化金融(DeFi)领域严格审视的态度,在6月9日举办的“DeFi与美国精神”加密圆桌会议上首次提出正在研究制定针对DeFi的创新豁免(innovation exemption)机制,这一动向迅速引发市场强烈反响,多个DeFi代币应声上涨。

作为一名web3律师,我见过太多项目因为监管不确定性而夭折,如今这个信号真的能够为DeFi生态迎来实质性的突破吗?

一、SEC主席表态:DeFi符合美国核心价值

SEC主席Paul Atkins在会议中明确指出,“DeFi的基本原则与美国的经济自由、私有财产权等核心价值观高度契合”。他特别强调支持加密资产的自我托管模式,并认可区块链技术在实现无需中介的金融交易中的重要作用。Atkins透露的“创新豁免”政策可以说是对DeFi的绿色通道,因为这意味着在该框架下,符合条件的DeFi项目将有可能在符合基本监管要求的前提下,更快进入市场、开展业务尝试。更重要的是,此后的9月5日,SEC与商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)联合发布声明呼吁监管协调,这一动作标志着两大监管机构从“各自为政”转向“协同作战”,可以说是加密大变革。

二、这对DeFi行业意味着什么?

作为律师,我最关心的就是”合规边界“,这些积极信号的核心标志着美国加密监管逻辑的根本性转变,DeFi不再是监管的”灰色地带”。

首先,监管态度的转变对于创业者的利好显而易见。因为”创新豁免“政策意味着真正的去中心化平台可能免于注册为证券,避免了繁琐的披露和审计要求,这样就降低了准入门槛,可以吸引更多的机构资金流入DeFi生态。对于我们中国的项目方或者开发者来讲,也意味着未来会有更多的中美跨境合作空间,监管松绑无疑是DeFi结构性变革的催化剂。

其次,强化投资者保护,增加市场信心。2025年4月至6月,SEC加密货币工作组举行了四场公开圆桌会议,主题涵盖加密交易、托管、资产代币化和DeFi 。这些讨论由SEC的加密任务组组织,这些活动,也都向公众开放,SEC专员Hester Peirce认为它们是"通往加密清晰的春季冲刺",也标志着SEC从对抗转向合作 ,SEC强调的“高质量监管”对DeFi用户来讲是一种投资保护,减少rug风险。Atkins重申“私有财产自主管理权”,明确支持用户通过个人钱包直接参与链上金融活动,这相当于亮明牌告诉大家DeFi不是证券,应该有他的专属生态位。我们把金融比作一架飞机,过去几年DeFi因为没有航道很容易“迷失方向”,有些DeFi凭借极强的方向感成功起飞并进入航道,有些DeFi却还在空中盘旋既不敢降落也不敢继续前行。SEC与CFTC的协调监管更像是给DeFi划的航道和修建的机场,飞机虽然可能降落在不同的机场,但是至少不会飞错航道。当然豁免政策的细节尚未落地,挑战也依然存在,在此之前胖梅梅律师还是建议项目方持谨慎态度。

再者,声明代码发布者不应“背锅”,厘清开发者法律责任。Atkins以自动驾驶汽车开发者做比喻,提出“不应因他人使用代码而追究代码发布者的责任”明确将责任主体从工具开发者转移到使用者。尤其那些构建自我托管工具或隐私增强软件的开发者,不应单纯因他人使用其代码从事非法活动而被追责,SEC委员、加密任务组负责人Hester Peirce也呼应这一观点,强调代码发布与金融行为应区别对待。但她同时提醒,中心化实体不得借“去中心化”标签来规避监管,从发言中不难看出SEC认可了“技术中立”原则。

最后,质押挖矿的监管更明确,缓解参与者合规焦虑。SEC公司金融部门此前已在一份指导意见中说明:工作量证明(PoW)挖矿和权益证明(PoS)质押本身并不构成证券交易,这一澄清极大缓解了众多区块链项目与矿工、验证者参与者的合规焦虑,市场的反应也很明显,许多质押项目同步上涨,显示了机构资金对质押生态的信心。

三、政策背后:政治与市场的双重推动

这一系列动向并非偶然。近年来,SEC中的共和党委员持续推动制定更加友好的加密政策,Hester Peirce等人多年倡导的“安全港”提案也正在被更多立法者所接受。市场对此反应极为积极,解读为美国可能不再试图通过“执法监管”压制DeFi创新,而是转向更具对话性与结构性的包容监管。

四、若成现实:美国DeFi或迎来新起点

一旦“创新豁免”从构想走向实施,美国DeFi生态将可能摆脱当前面临的部分合规模糊地带,项目方可在更清晰的法律框架内推进技术落地与商业模式探索。这不仅有助于本土项目发展,也可能吸引海外DeFi建设者回归美国市场,形成更加健康、合规、具有竞争力的去中心化金融图景。

SEC共和党委员推动更友好加密政策的背景下表明监管机构正试图真正理解DeFi的本质,并愿在法律层面作出相应调整。对于整个行业来说,这不仅是监管态度的转变,更可能是一次关于创新、责任与自由的重新定义。DeFi从2020年野蛮生长,监管真空再到如今SEC通过调整监管框架为DeFi正名,该举措让我们看到DeFi与传统金融完美融合实现自洽的信心。

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