# Cryptography Related Articles

HTX News Center provides the latest articles and in-depth analysis on "Cryptography", covering market trends, project updates, tech developments, and regulatory policies in the crypto industry.

Cardano Founder Says Bitcoin Has Entered ‘Shitcoin Land’

Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson criticized Bitcoin's governance and response to quantum computing threats in a livestream titled "BIP 361: Welcome to ShitcoinLand, Bitcoin." He argued that Bitcoin's resistance to change has left it vulnerable, with over 34% of all Bitcoin (approximately 8 million BTC) exposed to potential theft by quantum computers due to revealed public keys. Hoskinson claimed BIP 361's proposed solution—a hard fork to freeze non-migrated coins—would render around 1.7 million BTC, including Satoshi's estimated 1.1 million, unspendable due to outdated wallet formats. He contrasted Bitcoin's rigid culture with governance models in Cardano, Polkadot, and Ethereum, which he says offer better mechanisms for protocol upgrades. Hoskinson acknowledged the quantum threat as real but argued Bitcoin's ideological inflexibility complicates a effective response.

bitcoinist1h ago

Cardano Founder Says Bitcoin Has Entered ‘Shitcoin Land’

bitcoinist1h ago

From Theory to Countdown: Google Sounds the Blockchain Quantum Resistance Alarm with Zero-Knowledge Proofs

An article discusses the significant threat quantum computing poses to blockchain and classical encryption systems, triggered by Google's recent research. By optimizing Shor's algorithm, Google reduced the logical qubits required to break 256-bit elliptic curve encryption from around 6,000 to just 1,200—slashing computational costs by 20 times. This advancement sets a potential countdown, with Google estimating 2029 as the deadline for upgrading to quantum-resistant cryptography. Both Bitcoin and Ethereum face severe risks. About 25-35% of Bitcoin addresses have exposed public keys, making them vulnerable to attacks, especially during transaction processing. Ethereum’s design exposes public keys upon first use, jeopardizing its entire network if signatures aren’t updated. Historical blockchain data remains permanently available for future quantum attacks. The solution lies in adopting post-quantum cryptography (PQC). Ethereum is already implementing account abstraction and PQC-based signatures, leveraging its upgradeable architecture. Bitcoin is considering BIP-360 to introduce quantum-resistant algorithms like FALCON or CRYSTALS-Dilithium, though consensus may delay action. Notably, Google used zero-knowledge proofs to disclose this threat responsibly, aiming to prevent panic. Collaboration with Ethereum Foundation researchers suggests抗量子 (quantum resistance) could become a major narrative, aligning with crypto’s cryptographic roots.

marsbit13h ago

From Theory to Countdown: Google Sounds the Blockchain Quantum Resistance Alarm with Zero-Knowledge Proofs

marsbit13h ago

Bitcoin Faces Quantum Risk — New Proposal Could Lock Vulnerable Coins

A new Bitcoin security proposal, BIP-361, introduces a three-phase plan to protect the network from the future threat of quantum computers. It specifically addresses the vulnerability of approximately 1.7 million BTC, including Satoshi Nakamoto's fortune, held in old-style P2PK addresses whose public keys are exposed. The proposal would eventually freeze any coins not moved to a new quantum-resistant format after a multi-year grace period. A controversial "rescue window" would allow users who miss the deadline to reclaim funds by proving ownership of their seed phrase. The plan has faced significant community backlash, with critics labeling it authoritarian and confiscatory for rendering old Bitcoin unspendable. Its adoption depends on achieving network consensus.

bitcoinistYesterday 20:04

Bitcoin Faces Quantum Risk — New Proposal Could Lock Vulnerable Coins

bitcoinistYesterday 20:04

Will Quantum Computing Kill Bitcoin and Mining? Is This Alarmist?

The article addresses the recurring concern that quantum computing could break Bitcoin's encryption and disrupt mining. It references a Google Quantum AI white paper from March 2026, which suggests that the resources needed for a quantum computer to crack Bitcoin’s elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) have been reduced by about 20 times. Under ideal conditions, such an attack could theoretically derive a private key from a public key in roughly 9 minutes using 500,000 physical qubits. However, the threat is not immediate. Current quantum processors, like Google’s Willow (105 qubits) or IBM’s Condor (~1,121 qubits), are far from the scale required. The risk primarily targets transaction signatures—especially during the brief window when a transaction is broadcast but not yet confirmed, or when public keys have been historically exposed. It is estimated there is only a 10% probability of a “quantum break” by 2032. The impact on mining is considered negligible. Research indicates that quantum mining would require astronomically high qubit counts and energy—far exceeding entire national grids—making it economically and physically infeasible. The broader solution lies in post-quantum cryptography (PQC). Standards like ML-DSA and SLH-DSA are being developed, and Bitcoin improvement proposals such as BIP 360 aim to reduce quantum vulnerability by modifying transaction structures to avoid exposing public keys. While quantum computing poses a future risk to all public-key encryption systems—not just Bitcoin—the cryptocurrency ecosystem has time to adapt. Upgrades and migration to quantum-resistant algorithms are underway, ensuring the network evolves ahead of the threat.

marsbit04/11 14:40

Will Quantum Computing Kill Bitcoin and Mining? Is This Alarmist?

marsbit04/11 14:40

Bernstein Analysts Allay Bitcoin Fears, Why Quantum Is Not As Big A Threat As You Think

Bernstein analysts address rising concerns about quantum computing's threat to Bitcoin, arguing it is a manageable long-term upgrade rather than an existential risk. While Google researchers recently found that breaking Bitcoin's elliptic curve cryptography may require as few as 500,000 qubits—far fewer than previous estimates—Bernstein emphasizes the industry has a three- to five-year window to adapt. They note the vulnerability primarily affects older wallets with exposed or reused public keys, not Bitcoin's SHA-256 mining process. The report aligns with Google's own 2029 migration timeline, suggesting sufficient time to transition to quantum-resistant cryptography.

bitcoinist04/11 03:03

Bernstein Analysts Allay Bitcoin Fears, Why Quantum Is Not As Big A Threat As You Think

bitcoinist04/11 03:03

Bitcoin May Avoid Immediate Quantum Upgrade With New Workaround: Study

A new study proposes a "Quantum Safe Bitcoin" (QSB) workaround that could protect new BTC transactions from quantum attacks without requiring a change to the Bitcoin protocol. Developed by StarkWare's Avihu Levy, the method operates within Bitcoin's existing rules, replacing elliptic curve math with a hash-to-signature puzzle that relies on brute-force computation, which is resistant to quantum attacks. This approach is praised by some, like StarkWare's CEO, as a way to make Bitcoin quantum-safe today. However, critics note it doesn't address vulnerabilities in existing exposed public keys or dormant wallets, which hold an estimated 1.7 million BTC. The scheme is also computationally expensive, costing $75-$150 per transaction, making it suitable only for large transfers and not for daily use or scaling solutions like the Lightning Network. While presented as a temporary fix, the researchers acknowledge that long-term protocol-level changes are still the preferred solution. The proposal emerges amid ongoing debate in the Bitcoin community about how to address quantum computing threats, following recent research that has intensified the discussion.

bitcoinist04/10 17:03

Bitcoin May Avoid Immediate Quantum Upgrade With New Workaround: Study

bitcoinist04/10 17:03

Bitcoin Braces For Quantum Shock — Inside Two Radical New Rescue Plans

The Bitcoin community is actively developing solutions to counter the future threat of quantum computers capable of breaking its current cryptography (ECDSA/Schnorr). Two primary proposals have emerged. The first, from Olaoluwa Osuntokun and Tim Ruffing, involves a "Taproot kill-switch" combined with a zk-STARK proof. This method would let users prove ownership of their coins from a vulnerable Taproot address without revealing their private keys, providing an escape hatch if a quantum-defense soft fork disables normal key-based spending. The second proposal, from Avihu Mordechai Levy, is called Quantum Safe Bitcoin (QSB). It uses Lamport-style one-time signatures and a new RIPEMD-160-based proof-of-work puzzle to make individual transactions quantum-safe today, without any changes to Bitcoin's base protocol. However, it is currently expensive and inefficient, costing hundreds of dollars per transaction. The debate has shifted from whether quantum is a threat to how to manage the migration. The community is split between solutions that aim to rescue the entire UTXO set and those who believe non-migrated coins should expire to preserve Bitcoin's monetary integrity.

bitcoinist04/10 14:02

Bitcoin Braces For Quantum Shock — Inside Two Radical New Rescue Plans

bitcoinist04/10 14:02

Bitcoin Figure Adam Back Denies Being Satoshi Nakamoto

Adam Back, a prominent cryptographer, has denied being Bitcoin's pseudonymous creator Satoshi Nakamoto following a New York Times investigation that identified him as the leading candidate. The investigation, led by journalist John Carreyrou, analyzed over 134,000 posts from cryptography mailing lists and found Back's writing style—including specific hyphenation quirks, British spellings, and formatting habits—closely matched Satoshi's. A key piece of evidence was a 2023 tweet where Back wrote "We Are All Satoshi," which he clarified was merely a reference to a short film and not a hidden admission. Back dismissed the findings, arguing that his extensive public participation in digital cash discussions naturally produced more data points for analysis. He emphasized that he does not know Satoshi's identity and stated that Bitcoin benefits from having no known founder, as it reinforces its status as a decentralized asset.

bitcoinist04/10 06:03

Bitcoin Figure Adam Back Denies Being Satoshi Nakamoto

bitcoinist04/10 06:03

New York Times' Blockbuster Investigation Reignites Satoshi Nakamoto Identity Mystery, Adam Back Quickly Denies After Being Identified

The New York Times published an extensive investigation suggesting that Blockstream CEO and cryptographer Adam Back is the most plausible candidate for being Bitcoin’s pseudonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto. The report, by Pulitzer-winning journalist John Carreyrou, analyzed linguistic patterns, technical ideas, and historical context from decades of online archives and cryptographic mailing lists. It highlighted Back’s early work on Hashcash—a proof-of-work system used in Bitcoin—as well as his consistent advocacy for digital cash and privacy technologies since the 1990s. The investigation also pointed to stylistic similarities in writing and aligned ideological views between Back and Satoshi. However, Back quickly denied the claims, calling the evidence coincidental and statistically biased due to his high volume of posts in crypto circles. He reiterated that he is not Satoshi and argued that Satoshi’s anonymity benefits Bitcoin. The crypto community responded with skepticism; some developers criticized the report for relying on circumstantial evidence, while others accused Back of exaggerating his role in Bitcoin’s origins. Past attempts to identify Satoshi, including high-profile claims involving Dorian Nakamoto and Craig Wright, have all failed due to lack of conclusive proof. The mystery remains unsolved, and Bitcoin’s value continues to stem from global adoption rather than its creator’s identity.

marsbit04/09 10:34

New York Times' Blockbuster Investigation Reignites Satoshi Nakamoto Identity Mystery, Adam Back Quickly Denies After Being Identified

marsbit04/09 10:34

Bitcoin Needs An Upgrade—But Not Because Of Quantum, Research Argues

Research suggests quantum computing is not an immediate threat to Bitcoin, but an upgrade is still necessary. While headlines highlight quantum risks, analysis shows that deriving private keys from exposed public keys only affects wallets with public keys visible—about 6.26 million BTC (31% of supply), including Satoshi’s coins. Quantum mining is deemed unfeasible due to enormous energy requirements. Current quantum computers are far from breaking Bitcoin’s encryption, equivalent to factoring a 1,300-digit number. The real concern is over-reliance on a single cryptographic system for a $2 trillion network. Upgrades like BIP-360 are in progress to ensure long-term security. Bitcoin price recently rose 6% to ~$72,600.

bitcoinist04/09 10:33

Bitcoin Needs An Upgrade—But Not Because Of Quantum, Research Argues

bitcoinist04/09 10:33

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