Intel 单日暴涨 24% 破历史新高,但 34 位分析师仅 6 人敢喊「买入」

marsbitPublished on 2026-04-27Last updated on 2026-04-27

作者:克洛德,深潮 TechFlow

深潮导读:Intel Q1 财报碾压预期,营收 136 亿美元、调整后 EPS $0.29(预期 $0.01),股价单日飙涨 24%至 $82.57,创 1987 年以来最大单日涨幅,突破 2000 年互联网泡沫时期的历史峰值。

但在这场狂欢背后,34 位华尔街分析师中仅 6 人给出买入评级,共识目标价中位数约 $55,较当前股价低逾 30%。一年涨 250%的 Intel,到底是 AI 时代的真正翻身,还是一场定价远超基本面的信仰交易?

Intel 交出了 2026 年开年以来美股最具戏剧性的一份财报。

4 月 24 日周五,Intel 收涨约 24%至 $82.57,创 1987 年以来最大单日涨幅,股价正式突破 2000 年互联网泡沫时期的历史高点。这距离 2024 年 9 月的 52 周低点 $18.25,累计涨幅已超过 250%。费城半导体指数当日录得 18 连涨,AMD 同日暴涨约 14%,英伟达收涨 4.3%,市值重回 5 万亿美元上方。

然而,股价的极度亢奋与华尔街共识之间的裂痕同样值得关注。

34 位覆盖 Intel 的分析师中,仅 6 人给出买入评级,24 人维持持有,4 人仍然建议卖出。共识目标价中位数约 $55,意味着多数分析师认为这只股票应该比现价低 30%以上。

Q1 全面碾压:营收 beat 近 10%,EPS 预期 $0.01 实际交 $0.29

据 CNBC 报道,Intel Q1 营收 $135.8 亿,华尔街预期 $124.2 亿,beat 幅度约 9.4%。调整后每股收益 $0.29,共识预期仅 $0.01(部分数据源显示 $0.02),差距接近 30 倍。这是 Intel 连续第六个季度超预期。

分业务看,数据中心与 AI 部门是最大引擎,营收 $51 亿,同比增长 22%,超出预期的 $44.1 亿。客户端计算业务(PC 芯片)营收 $77 亿,预期 $71 亿。调整后毛利率从去年同期的 39.2%扩至 41%。

Q2 指引同样远超预期:营收指引 $138 亿至 $148 亿(中值 $143 亿),华尔街预期 $130.7 亿;调整后 EPS 指引 $0.20,预期 $0.09 至 $0.10。

Intel CEO 陈立武(Lip-Bu Tan)在财报电话会上的一句话被广泛引用:CPU 正在重新确立其作为 AI 时代不可或缺基础的地位。他的核心论点是,AI 正从基础模型训练阶段向推理和智能体(agentic)方向迁移,这一转变大幅增加了对 CPU 和晶圆代工的需求,而非仅仅依赖 GPU。

Benchmark/StoneX 半导体高级分析师 Cody Acree 在接受 Sherwood News 采访时则提出了一个尖锐问题:如果这种上行空间是可能的,为什么 Q4 时给出那么保守的指引?他指出,Intel 在 Q4 财报电话会上曾明确表示晶圆供应「捉襟见肘」,当时股价单日暴跌 17%。

三大客户验证同时落地:Terafab、Google、爱尔兰晶圆厂回购

Q1 的财报数字之外,真正点燃市场情绪的是三笔战略级交易几乎同时落地。

4 月 7 日,Intel 宣布加入马斯克的 Terafab 项目,成为该芯片制造合资企业(涵盖 SpaceX、xAI 和 Tesla)的主要代工合作方。据 TechCrunch 报道,Intel 在 X 平台发文称,其设计、制造和封装超高性能芯片的能力,将帮助 Terafab 实现每年 1 太瓦计算产能的目标。马斯克在 Tesla Q1 财报电话会上确认,Tesla 计划使用 Intel 的下一代 14A 工艺制造芯片,并称「等 Terafab 产能爬坡时,14A 应该已经相当成熟」。

这是 Intel 代工业务苦等多年后拿到的第一个标志性外部大客户。此前 Intel 一直是自家 18A 制程的唯一主要客户,尽管该技术与台积电 2 纳米工艺处于同一代际,但外部客户始终持观望态度。

同期,Intel 与 Google 宣布了多年期合作,Google 承诺在其云基础设施中部署 Intel 最新的 Xeon 6 处理器,用于 AI 推理和其他工作负载。此外,Intel 还以 $142 亿从 Apollo 手中回购了爱尔兰 Fab 34 晶圆厂 49%的股权(2024 年曾以 $112 亿出售),重新获得 100%控制权。据 SEC 文件,回购资金来自现金储备和 $65 亿过桥贷款。

分析师阵营撕裂:Roth 喊 $100,BofA 维持「卖出」

财报发布后的评级变动呈现罕见的两极分化。

看多阵营中,Roth Capital 将 Intel 从 Neutral 升至 Buy,目标价从 $50 翻倍至 $100,称对 CEO 陈立武改善制造效率和 CPU 产品的执行力「印象深刻」。HSBC 分析师 Frank Lee 在财报前(4 月 21 日)率先升级至 Buy,目标价从 $50 大幅上调至 $95,成为当时华尔街最高目标价。Lee 的核心论点并非代工业务,而是市场尚未充分定价的服务器 CPU 增长机会:他预计 Intel 服务器 CPU 出货量 2026 年和 2027 年均将实现约 20%的同比增长,同期平均售价也将上涨约 20%。Citi 和 Evercore ISI 也在财报后将评级上调至买入等价。

看空阵营同样立场坚定。据 TheStreet 报道,美国银行分析师 Vivek Arya 维持 Underperform(卖出)评级,虽将目标价从 $48 上调至 $56,但认为 Intel 的复苏已被充分定价。他指出,报告毛利率仍然低于同业,公司持续烧钱,18A 产品良率偏低,Intel Foundry 仍需向外部客户证明自己。美银预计 Intel 2025 至 2028 年销售复合增速为 10%-15%,远低于同业的 30%-40%。Wedbush 和 Rosenblatt 的目标价更低至 $30,较当前股价隐含逾 60%的下行空间。

整体看,据 Benzinga 数据,34 位覆盖分析师中,仅 6 人买入、24 人持有、4 人卖出。共识目标价中位数约 $55,目标价区间从 $30 到 $100。当前股价 $82.57 已远超多数目标价上限。

117 倍前瞻 PE:翻身故事的估值代价

这场分裂的核心在于估值。

Intel 当前前瞻市盈率(Forward PE)约为 117 至 150 倍(因数据源而异),而其五年中位数 PE 仅为 12 倍。按 GAAP 计算,Intel 过去 12 个月仍处于亏损状态(TTM EPS 为- $0.06),市值约 $355 亿已是营收的 6.4 倍。GuruFocus 的 GF Value 估算 Intel 合理估值仅 $27,意味着当前股价被高估逾 200%。

换个角度看,Intel 年初至今涨幅超 105%,过去 12 个月涨幅约 284%,4 月 24 日单日成交量 2.64 亿股,是三个月均量的约 1.5 倍。市场对这只股票的热情已远远超越了当前基本面所能证实的范围。

空头的反驳同样有力:Intel 18A 制程的良率问题尚未解决,14A 更是「尚未完全就绪」(马斯克本人原话),代工业务尚无外部客户贡献实质收入,公司自由现金流仍为负值。

半导体行业天然具有强周期性,当前的 AI 需求景气能持续多久本身就是一个问号。以近 150 倍前瞻 PE 为一个仍在烧钱的公司买单,容错空间几乎为零。

这或许正是 34 位分析师中仅 6 人敢翻多的根本原因:Intel 的翻身叙事足够精彩,但为这个叙事支付的价格已经足够吓人。

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