欧盟立法者投票否决PoW禁令,下一步MiCA 草案将进入“三部曲”

比推Published on 2022-03-15Last updated on 2022-03-15

Abstract

比推消息,当地时间周一上午,欧洲议会经济和货币事务委员会(ECON)投票否决了“事实上的”工作量证明(PoW)禁令:32票反对,24票赞成。

比推消息,当地时间周一上午,欧洲议会经济和货币事务委员会(ECON)投票否决了“事实上的”工作量证明(PoW)禁令:32票反对,24票赞成。欧盟议会成员Stefan Berger在社交媒体上确认了这一消息,这意味着加密社区显然已经成为一股政治力量,欧盟地区未来更友好的加密监管令人期待。

代表欧洲人民党 (EPP)、欧洲保守党和改革派 (ERC)、复兴欧洲 (Renew) 和认同与民主 (ID) 党团的大多数欧洲议会议员都拒绝了这一条款。绿党、社会党和民主党 (S&D) 以及欧洲议会左翼 (GUE/NGL) 支持该禁令。
背景
先前版本的草案提议从2025年1月开始在欧盟禁止基于工作量证明(PoW)的加密货币,该条款后来在社区的批评下被撤除,但一个修改后的版本又重新被写入最新草案。
新条款于上周被添加到拟议的加密资产市场(MiCA)框架草案中(MiCA 是欧盟管理数字资产的综合监管方案),旨在限制在欧盟 27 个成员国中使用由称为工作量证明(PoW)的能源密集型计算程序驱动的加密货币,要求所有加密货币都必须遵守欧盟的“关于其共识机制的最低环境可持续性标准”。
PoW 是比特币、以太坊、狗狗币等加密货币使用的共识机制。该机制需要许多计算机努力解决复杂问题,以验证网络上的交易,从而为最快获得解决方案的系统提供加密奖励,PoW 被视为保护区块链并阻止不良行为者验证虚假交易的有效模型。
对于已经在欧盟交易的比特币和以太坊等主流的PoW 加密货币,该规则提出了一项逐步淘汰计划,将其共识机制从PoW 转移到其他使用更少能源的方法,如权益证明共识机制(Proof-of-Stake:PoS)。
尽管以太坊预计将于今年转移到权益证明共识机制,但由于目前比特币无法完成转换,如果该条款通过,它将直接受到该立法的影响。
该提议遭到了加密社区的强烈反对。
前 Meta 区块链负责人David Marcus预测,这样的举动将产生“灾难性”的影响。
区块链协会(Blockchain Association)政策负责人Jake Chervinsky在投票前发表评论说:“MiCA对加密货币来说非常糟糕,比美国的任何情况都糟糕。明天(周一),欧洲议会就‘环境可持续性标准’进行投票,这标准看起来像是一个借口,潜台词就是比特币禁令”。
投票结果出炉后,Stefan Berger 发布推文庆祝:“委员会在MiCA 的第一阶段胜利!通过接受我的提议,成员们为面向未来的加密货币监管铺平了道路。现在的问题是在最终投票中接受整个报告并发出强烈的创新信号”。
下一步是什么?
Unstoppable Finance战略与业务开发主管Patrick Hansen解释道,加密挖矿很可能不再在 MiCA 法规中解决,而是添加到欧盟可持续金融分类中。MiCA 监管金融工具和金融服务提供商,单独解决有关采矿技术可持续性的任何问题更有意义。
欧洲议会议员批准了 Stefan Berger 提出的一项替代修正案,该修正案不限制比特币开采:“到 2025 年 1 月 1 日,委员会应根据该法规第 10 条,酌情向欧洲议会和理事会提交修订法规 (EU) 2020/852 的立法提案,以期将任何对减缓和适应气候变化做出重大贡献的加密资产开采活动纳入欧盟可持续金融分类法”。
下一步,MiCA 草案将进入“三部曲”,即欧盟委员会、理事会和议会之间的正式谈判。在他们最终达成协议(几个月)后,法律将生效。但是,公司将有6个月的过渡期来遵守要求。
Hansen指出,欧洲议会议员的反比特币联盟仍然可以通过三部曲否决 MiCA 的快速程序,并将讨论提交议会全体会议,这需要至少十分之一的选票来将围绕PoW的讨论带入高层政策领域。因此在未来的几个月甚至几年里,加密社区还有大量的工作要做。
随着比特币的普及,关于其能源消耗和环境影响的争议愈演愈烈。PoW 机制受到了世界各地一些监管机构和政界人士的严厉批评。一些欧盟领导人担心,可再生能源可能会被用于维持比特币等加密货币,而不是被国家所用。

然而,根据比特币矿业委员会(BMC)发布的一份报告,在2021年由于效率低下而浪费的全球 50,000TW/h 能源中,BTC 仅占 0.38%,这表明监管机构对比特币耗能的担忧被严重夸大了。

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363 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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