a16z Crypto 合伙人:现金流就是护城河

链捕手Published on 2026-06-12Last updated on 2026-06-12

Abstract

a16z Crypto运营合伙人Jason Rosenthal指出,历史上许多伟大企业的成功模式,在于将自己定位在“资金流”中——促进网络内价值的创造与转移,并从中抽取部分价值。加密货币是首个为此原生构建的现代技术,它使资金能以互联网速度全天候、全球结算并端到端可编程地流动。 区块链本质上是网络型企业,其共享账本和网络效应随着使用者的增加而增强。设计良好的代币能协调用户、开发者等各方利益,共同推动网络增长,并将价值按贡献比例分配。这种“处于资金流中”的模式并非新概念,从铁路、标准石油到谷歌、Meta和AWS都遵循此道——即找到价值流动的关键节点并置身其中。 金融市场的例子更为清晰:Visa通过处理支付流获取收入,顶级做市商通过占据订单流获得丰厚利润。它们的共同点是结合了资金流与网络效应,构成了持久强大的商业结构。 传统金融服务领域存在大量利润抽取环节(如高额支付手续费、托管费),这些高利润率正是创新者的机会。加密创始人可以构建更高效、可编程、全球化的下一代金融基础设施。此外,机会远不止于金融,在计算、AI数据、能源、太空等新兴全球价值流动领域,都有从头构建资金流业务的广阔空间。 文章最后向创始人提出三个关键问题:是否已处于资金流中?收入能否随平台价值增长而同步增长?目标市场中哪些环节的价值抽取率最高?鼓励创业者抓住机遇,融入新的价值潮流,借助网络效应实现增长。

作者:Jason Rosenthal,a16z 运营合伙人

编译:胡韬,ChainCatcher精选

历史上许多最优秀的企业,都是通过将自己定位在“资金流”中而建立起来的——促进网络内价值的创造和转移,并从中抽取一部分。流经网络的价值越多,企业通常就发展得越大。

加密货币是第一个为此而原生构建的现代技术。如果你的初创公司尚未将其产品和业务架构为从这些原则中受益,那你就错失了良机。得益于稳定币、资金和价值现在以互联网的速度流动——全天候、全球结算,并具备端到端的可编程性。支付渠道畅通无阻,单位经济效益公开透明,而全球范围内每一美元的流动都可触及。

具体模式

区块链在设计上就是网络型企业。每笔交易都在共享账本上结算。每一个新参与者都强化了下一个构建者可以使用的同一底层网络。随着越来越多的人使用和在其上构建,网络对所有用户都变得更有价值。

大多数公司花费多年时间在传统基础设施之上制造网络效应。加密创始人则将它们作为起始条件继承下来。

网络代币放大了这一点。设计良好的代币能够使用户、开发者、供应商、验证者和协议围绕单一结果——发展网络——保持一致,并根据每个参与者的贡献按比例进行支付。但协议的收入属于使用它的人。没有合作伙伴回扣,没有私下交易。只有一个在系统中流动的价值与积累到构建和发展它的人们手中的价值之间的反馈循环。

这不是一个新模式。加密货币只是首次使其对初创公司来说更容易获得和扩展。

铁路公司并非靠机车赚钱。他们靠的是每一吨穿越其轨道的谷物、煤炭和钢材赚钱。标准石油、美国钢铁和 AT&T 都是处于资金流中的公司。谷歌和 Meta 取代了印刷品和电视,并非因为它们的广告更好,而是因为它们坐落在注意力转化为商业的瓶颈位置,从而能够从数万亿美元的商业意图中抽取一部分。AWS 处于计算流中。

这个模式是一致的:找到价值流动的地方,并把自己置于其中间。

金融市场使这一模式更加清晰。Visa 在 2024 财年处理了 15.7 万亿美元的支付量,并报告了 359 亿美元的净收入。Jane Street 去年公布了 205 亿美元的净交易收入——超过了花旗集团或美国银行。美国前五大做市商处理了 87% 的订单流支付:它们不预测市场;它们处于每一笔订单的流中,并随着交易量的增长赚得更多。

这些企业还有另一个共同点:网络效应。Visa 对更多商户更有用,因为存在更多的卡;对更多持卡人更有用,因为更多的商户接受它。订单流也是如此——每增加一个经纪商,就会收窄点差,吸引更多经纪商,从而吸引更多流量。

资金流加上网络效应是有史以来最持久的商业结构之一。

你的利润就是我的机会

贝索斯称之为“你的利润就是我的机会”。他当时在谈论零售,但这更适用于传统金融服务——世界上最大的利润抽取池。支付、托管、借贷、外汇、证券化、结算、做市,无一例外。Visa 和万事达卡在 1960 年代设计的网络上收取 2-3% 的交易费。汇款通道收取 6-9%。主要经纪商和托管人对每笔证券交易抽取一部分。即使在美国于 2024 年转向 T+1 结算后,资金仍然会在一夜之间闲置,作为对每个参与者的结构性税收。

这些利润率中的每一个都是一个目标。压缩成本,提高速度,并有可能扩展整个市场。Stripe 和 Square 证明了这在支付领域是可行的。

加密创始人有机会构建下一个版本——可编程、即时、全球性,并且原生地处于资金流中。

而且前沿领域远远超出金融服务。计算和 GPU 市场。内存芯片。AI 训练数据。能源。机器人技术。太空。稀土金属。每一个类别都是全球价值可以开始以现有轨道从未设计承载的体量进行流动的领域。

每一个都是从头开始构建在可编程基础设施之上的资金流业务的开放领域。这些市场没有现有的轨道,没有根深蒂固的中介,也没有什么需要捍卫的东西。

作为创始人,问问自己:

1、你今天处于资金流中吗?

2、当你产品上活动的价值增长 10 倍时,你的收入会随之增长吗?

3、如果你正在构建一个新产品,在你目标市场中,相对于正在创造的价值,哪里利润抽取的幅度最高?

机会就在那里。抓住它,融入新的潮流,让网络从那里开始累积增长。

Related Questions

Q根据文章观点,历史上许多优秀企业建立的核心共性是什么?

A历史上许多最优秀的企业,都是通过将自己定位在“资金流”中而建立起来的,即促进网络内价值的创造和转移,并从中抽取一部分。流经网络的价值越多,企业通常就发展得越大。

Q加密货币技术相比传统技术,在构建“资金流”业务模式方面具有哪些核心优势?

A加密货币是第一个为此(构建资金流业务)而原生构建的现代技术。它使得稳定币、资金和价值能够以互联网的速度流动——全天候、全球结算,并具备端到端的可编程性。这意味着支付渠道畅通,单位经济效益透明,且全球每一美元的流动都可触及。

Q文章指出,区块链和网络代币如何强化了网络效应和业务模式?

A区块链在设计上就是网络型企业,每笔交易都在共享账本上结算,每个新参与者都强化了整个网络,创造了网络效应。设计良好的网络代币能够使用户、开发者、供应商、验证者和协议围绕“发展网络”这一单一目标保持一致,并根据贡献按比例进行支付。这形成了一个价值流动与价值积累之间的反馈循环,协议的收入属于使用它的人。

Q作者引用杰夫·贝索斯的话“你的利润就是我的机会”,其具体含义和应用的领域是什么?

A“你的利润就是我的机会”意味着传统金融服务(如支付、托管、借贷等)中存在的高利润率(被视为“利润抽取”)正是新进入者(如加密初创公司)可以利用和压缩的机会。通过使用可编程、即时、全球化的加密基础设施,可以降低这些领域的成本、提高速度,从而挑战并重塑现有市场。

Q文章建议创始人通过回答哪三个问题来审视和定位自己的业务?

A1. 你今天处于资金流中吗? 2. 当你产品上活动的价值增长10倍时,你的收入会随之增长吗? 3. 如果你正在构建一个新产品,在你目标市场中,相对于正在创造的价值,哪里利润抽取的幅度最高?

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