美联储VS日银:12月全球市场‘剧本杀’,比特币先崩为敬?

marsbitPublished on 2025-12-01Last updated on 2025-12-02

一、11月复盘:鹰鸽拉锯与非美货币的“比烂游戏”​

日本央行

11月的美元指数在100.3关键阻力位形成双顶结构,走出典型的M型震荡格局。

这一走势的背后,是两条主线的激烈博弈:美联储政策预期的反复扭转,以及非美货币基本面的分化加剧。 

首先,美联储12月降息预期经历了“过山车式”波动。11月初,鲍威尔在FOMC会议后的鹰派表态一度将12月降息概率压制在低位,强调“降息并非既定事实”,推动美元指数重返100关口。

这一阶段的美元走强,源于市场对利率路径的重新定价——尽管9月和10月美联储已连续降息50个基点,但鲍威尔对通胀韧性的担忧叠加非农就业数据的阶段性回暖,使得市场开始交易“更高更久”的利率预期。

然而,转折点出现在11月6日,美国民间劳动力调查(ADP)数据意外疲软,首次揭示就业市场裂痕,降息预期迅速升温;此后美联储官员内部鹰鸽信号分化,理事沃勒与米兰的“鸽派”呼声同库克等人的谨慎立场形成对峙,导致市场陷入观望。直至11月21日,纽约联储主席威廉姆斯释放“近期可能进一步降息”的鸽派信号,12月降息概率骤升至70%以上,美元应声回落。 

日本央行

其次,非美货币的“比烂逻辑”放大了美元波动。11月初,英镑因财政可持续性担忧单日暴跌300点,日元在政府债务压力下贬至157关口;而月末局势逆转,俄乌停战预期提振欧元,英国预算案暂缓债务恐慌,加之日本央行加息预期升温,共同推动非美货币反弹。

这种波动性凸显了美元指数的被动性特征——其走势并非完全由美国基本面主导,而是全球风险偏好与货币政策差值的综合产物。


二、12月核心变量:三股力量的终极对决​

1. 美联储的“政治化”风险:哈塞特效应与降息落地概率​

12月美元面临的首要不确定性来自美联储主席换届。特朗普已明确表示“心中有人选”,白宫国家经济委员会主任哈塞特成为头号热门。其鸽派立场极为鲜明,公开声称若执掌联储将“立即降息”。

若提名提前公布,市场可能提前交易“政治驱动宽松”逻辑,对美元形成短线打压。

不过,12月议息会议本身仍是关键。当前期货市场定价的90%降息概率并非铁板一块——若11月非农数据超预期或通胀反弹,美联储可能再次“鹰派降息”,即降息25个基点但暗示暂停。这种情形下,美元或因“卖预期、买事实”逻辑反弹。

此外,美联储将于12月1日结束缩表,流动性边际改善可能部分抵消降息对美元的压制。


2. 日本央行的“历史性转向”:加息预期如何重构汇市格局​

12月19日的日本央行议息会议可能成为全球流动性周期的分水岭。

日本央行

行长植田和男在12月1日明确表示“将在下次会议上权衡加息利弊”,并将核心通胀持续高于2%视为政策调整依据。市场对12月加息的概率已从两周前的30%飙升至80%,这一预期重定价直接触发日元空头回补,推动USD/JPY跌破155关口。 若日本央行如期加息,将打破持续十年的负利率政策,并可能引发套息交易(Carry Trade)大规模平仓。

短期看,USD/JPY或回落至153-155区间;中长期则意味着全球“便宜日元”时代终结,资金从美债等美元资产回流日本的压力加剧。不过需警惕“靴子落地”行情——类似2024年3月加息后日元的短期回调,政策明朗后利差交易可能重新集结。


3. 季节性规律与结构性矛盾:美元长期弱势难改​

日本央行

历史数据显示,过去10年中美元指数在12月下跌的概率高达80%(仅2016年、2024年上涨)。这一规律源于年末企业海外利润汇回结束、全球资产再平衡交易活跃等季节性因素。2025年12月,这一规律可能因以下因素强化:

  • 流动性改善:美联储止缩表与潜在降息共同扩大美元供给;
  • 财政压力:美国赤字率突破5%且“大而美”法案恐加剧债务担忧;
  • 去美元化趋势:多国外汇储备多元化持续削弱美元需求。

不过,欧元区经济疲软(德国三季度零增长)与地缘政治风险可能阶段性支撑美元,需警惕行情反复。


三、比特币12月展望:流动性预期的“反向温度计”​

比特币与美元指数的负相关性在2025年尤为显著。

10月初美元流动性宽松预期升温时,比特币飙升至12.6万美元历史高点;而11月美元指数反弹后,比特币暴跌30%至8.2万美元。这种联动性源于比特币的“全球流动性敏感资产”属性——其价格对美元利率预期高度敏感。 

日本央行

从历史数据看,比特币在12月表现通常疲软:过去13年间仅有5次上涨,最大跌幅发生在2013年(-34%)和2021年(-19%)。

这一规律与美元指数的季节性走强形成镜像。

2025年12月,比特币可能面临多空拉锯:

  • 利多因素:若美联储降息落地或日本央行加息触发套息交易瓦解,全球流动性预期改善将提振比特币;
  • 利空风险:若美联储按兵不动或美国通胀数据超预期,美元流动性收紧将对比特币形成压制。


关键阈值位于8.8-9万美元——若比特币未能有效收复该关口,可能进一步下探7.5万美元前期低点;反之,若美元指数因季节性规律或非美央行转向而走弱,比特币或重启升势。

需注意,比特币近期波动率显著放大,多空比失衡(11月多单爆仓额是空单的2.3倍),市场情绪脆弱性凸显。


四、尾声:2025年末的货币战争与资产轮动序幕​

12月的全球市场,恰似一场围绕信用货币体系信念的压力测试。美元能否打破“12月下跌”的宿命,取决于美联储与日本央行谁先扣下政策转向的扳机;而比特币的剧烈波动,则成为检验全球流动性丰裕程度的试纸。当特朗普的关税政策与美联储的政治独立性纠缠,当日债收益率冲破2008年新高,市场已从简单的经济数据交易转向对货币主权信用的重新定价。

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