为什么暴涨的是黄金,而不是比特币?

marsbitPublished on 2025-10-18Last updated on 2025-10-19

为什么只有黄金在上涨?

自 2020 年无限量化宽松和法定货币贬值以来,个人一直关注贵金属,将其作为一种与大盘无关的保值方式。

黄金已突破 4300 美元,在不到两个月的时间里上涨了 25%,下面来探讨一下上涨原因。

央行

1.去美元化/各国央行竞相购买

各国央行,尤其是中国政府,一直在疯狂购入黄金,个人认为今年有望连续第四年购入超过 1000 吨黄金,而且调查显示中国政府计划继续购买。

央行

为什么?美国国债预计今年将达到 37.5 万亿美元,仅利息就超过 1 万亿美元(尽管税收收入约为 4 至 5 万亿美元)。处理如此巨额债务只有两种办法:违约或贬值,而美国永远不必违约,因为它们可以印更多的钱,从而贬值债务。

2.稳定币作为债务社会化工具

美国通过货币通胀来贬值其债务,基本上就是印更多的钱,让美元的价值降低,从而使其债务的实际价值缩水。这一点你应该已经知道了,因为这种情况已经持续了几十年。

新的情况是,如果美国将债务转移到像稳定币这样的加密货币中,这可能会很有趣,因为稳定币对全世界来说更容易获得。

稳定币越来越多地由贷款支持。像 USDT 和 USDC 这样的美元挂钩稳定币现在主要由美国国债支持。原本纯粹的 1:1 工具逐渐变成了超过 90% 由美国国债支持。

所以现在,每当其他国家的人持有稳定币时,他们就在间接购买美国债务。这将美国的“通胀税”全球化了。全球对美国稳定币的采用率越高(这一数字将达到数万亿美元),美国就能越多地向世界输出债务,并与世界(而非仅限美国)分担其“损失”。

如果这确实是计划的一部分,那么就回到了之前提到的为什么存在去美元化的需求,以及为什么黄金是一种相当安全的保值替代品。

3.实物挤压

另一个要点是,这次黄金上涨并非仅仅由纸面/衍生品驱动。如果您了解当期权合约的未平仓合约量大于某种代币的流动性时,永续合约市场可能出现的轧空现象,这里的情况与之类似。

2025 年,纽约商品交易所(COMEX)黄金期货的未平仓合约通常有数十万份(每份代表 100 金衡盎司),而注册用于交割的实物黄金总量只是其中的一小部分。

这意味着,在任何特定时间,实物黄金的认购量都远远超过可供交割的数量。这就是为什么黄金的交割时间从几天延长到几周,存在实际的实物需求(类似于现货需求),而且这些需求不太可能是弱手,从而形成了结构性底部。

4.整体不确定性

黄金再次证明了其在不确定性时期作为避险资产的地位。当前的中美竞争、贸易战担忧、美国国内动荡、美联储降息、美国经济靠 AI 基础设施支出支撑、经济不确定性,所有这些都导致全球投资者逃离美元,转而投资黄金。

个人看来,黄金主要在无需避险时下跌,需要满足以下这些条件,但短期内不太可能出现:

  • 高就业率:但当前美国经济前景不佳
  • 风险资产轮动:当前股票并不便宜
  • 政治确定性:美国需要与中国友好相处
  • 利率上升即资金成本上升:目前情况恰恰相反

由于特朗普的言行举止难以预测,这些因素也可能迅速变化(或者至少是外界对其的看法),所以要小心。

这对比特币意味着什么?

比特币今年迄今相对于黄金已下跌超过 25%。尽管比特币与黄金有许多相似之处,但个人仍然认为比特币还不具备成为“数字黄金”的条件,但随着时间的推移,比特币正越来越接近黄金(尽管仍不清楚如何解决量子问题)。

不过,如果您尝试过购买黄金,就会知道实物买卖价差非常高,所以黄金是一种买后持有的资产,这并不有趣。所以散户可能会选择购买比特币而非黄金,但散户的购买力相对于央行来说较低。

如今比特币与美国的政治关联度如此之高,反而会让其他央行不愿通过购买比特币来去美元化。个人认为目前美国矿工约占比特币算力的 38%,美国实体(交易所交易基金、上市公司、信托和政府)控制着大约 15%的比特币总供应量,而且这一比例可能还在继续增长。

所以……个人并不清楚比特币相对于黄金的走势如何,但短期内(直到今年),它将继续对黄金造成压力。

个人正在做什么?

做多比特币:个人认为去美元化对比特币更有利,而非其他山寨币。而且在最近的“1011”暴跌之后,很明显比特币是唯一具有真正订单簿流动性和买盘的资产,而且目前比特币主导地位似乎处于上升趋势。如果看到山寨币表现良好,个人可能会结束这笔交易,但通常是在比特币创下历史新高之后,这应该会提高比特币的主导地位。

做多黄金:基本上就是购买纸黄金、卖出看跌期权或买入看涨期权。不过“不是你的密钥,就不是你的币”(Not your keys, not your coins)这句话在这里也适用,可能只是拿着一张没用的纸,但个人对此还算认可。

央行

结语

鉴于上述结构性变化,黄金仍然是不错的买入选择,但如果出现 20% - 30% 的回调,也不会感到意外,如果短期内出现这种情况,可能是长期买入的好机会,前提是上述不确定性没有消除。

此外,黄金即将触及相对于标普 500 的阻力位,而且市值即将达到 30 万亿美元,这两个因素都可能是局部顶部,建议先观望,不要盲目跟风。

最后,以下是个人看待黄金的另一种方式,个人认为黄金仍有上涨空间:

  • 如果美国经济或世界局势不稳定,黄金价格就会上涨;
  • 如果美国经济或世界局势将变得更加不稳定,黄金价格就会上涨;
  • 如果美国经济或世界局势将变得更加稳定,黄金价格就会下跌。

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