市场可能面临信息真空?美国政府关门风险加剧,本周非农数据发布前景堪忧近期

marsbitPublished on 2025-09-28Last updated on 2025-09-29

美联储官员对货币政策前景释放分歧性信号,加之部分经济指标表现强劲,交易员已下调对美联储进一步放宽政策的预期。

然而,金融市场当前面临一项更紧迫的挑战:若联邦政府自10月1日起陷入停摆,可能导致关键经济数据延迟发布,包括原定于周五公布的非农就业报告——这一被市场视为衡量劳动力市场健康状况的核心指标。


此前,劳动力市场疲软促使美联储于本月实施年内首次降息。目前市场预计10月会议降息概率约为80%,但决策者可能需要更多疲软数据来确认就业市场持续降温的趋势,从而强化宽松政策预期,并维持美债收益率迈向2020年以来最佳年度表现的势头。


Marlborough Investment Management投资组合经理James Athey指出:“非农报告是推动市场反弹的关键催化剂,但即便数据疲软,要想进一步压低美债收益率,其门槛已显著提高。”他透露目前正低配美国国债。


10年期美债收益率上周攀升至4.2%附近,而9月17日曾跌至4%以下的五个月低点。尽管美联储当时以25个基点的降息重启宽松周期,且有个别委员主张更激进的50个基点降幅,但随后公布的初请失业金人数改善及第二季度GDP稳健增长数据部分扭转了市场情绪。交易员虽小幅调整了对宽松幅度的预期,但仍普遍押注美联储将在10月及12月继续各降息25个基点,未来12个月内预计累计降息约1个百分点。


近期政府就业数据的持续弱势,已推动美联储在通胀仍高于2%目标的背景下转向宽松。这一政策转向支撑债券表现,使美债有望创下2020年以来最佳年度回报。市场预测10月3日将公布的9月非农新增就业人数为5万,较前三个月不足3万的月均增幅有所回升。


美联储主席鲍威尔上周强调,当前就业增长速率可能已低于维持失业率稳定的平衡水平,并承认决策者正面临就业市场放缓与通胀压力并存的矛盾风险。


美联储内部立场分化明显:芝加哥联储主席古尔斯比警告关税可能推高通胀,反对过度提前降息;而理事鲍曼则认为通胀已接近目标,支持因就业市场转弱而进一步放宽政策。期权市场显示有投资者押注10年期收益率在11月底前降至4%以下,但摩根大通客户调查却显示空头头寸骤增,反映市场预期存在显著分歧。


领航集团固定收益主管Sara Devereux表示,当前10年期收益率水平基本合理,平衡了劳动力市场脆弱性的下行风险与经济向好的上行潜力。她透露其主动管理组合倾向于在收益率升至区间高位时增持5-10年期债券。政府关门风险亦提升其他替代数据的重要性,如10月1日的ADP私营就业报告。尽管ADP与官方数据的历史相关性不稳定,但近期政府数据的下修趋势与私营报告呈现的弱势相符。哥伦比亚天利投资经理Ed Al-Hussainy指出:“若ADP数据强劲,将为市场关于利率路径及明年降息时机的讨论打开新的空间

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