陷入困境的公司,为何纷纷大举购买比特币?

marsbitPublished on 2025-08-15Last updated on 2025-08-16

三个月前,乔治・卡拉姆从未考虑过他的半导体公司会开始购买比特币。

他的纽约上市公司股价长期低迷,卡拉姆在读到一家医疗保健公司购买数字货币后股价飙升的新闻后,开始对比特币产生兴趣。他说,在一笔失败的交易吓退了投资者后,"我在寻找解锁公司价值的方法。"

卡拉姆与董事会和一些投资者商议后,决定启动比特币策略。Sequans Communications 从债务和股权市场筹集了 3.84 亿美元,用于购买全球最受欢迎的加密货币。其股价在消息公布后飙升了 160%。

卡拉姆说:"去年我还不会这么说,但今天我完全相信…… 我 100% 确信比特币会一直存在。"

这位加密货币新手很大程度上要感谢比特币布道者迈克尔・塞勒的转变。自 2020 年以来,这位美国加密货币大亨几乎每周花费数十亿美元购买比特币,并举办会议鼓励其他人效仿。塞勒的软件公司转为比特币囤积者的 Strategy 现估值约为 1150 亿美元,几乎是其持有比特币价值的两倍,因为投资者蜂拥而入。上周,Strategy 购买了 25 亿美元的比特币,这是其第三大购买记录。其股价在五年内飙升了超过 3000%。

这一成功,加上美国总统唐纳德・特朗普对数字资产行业的全力支持,激励了全球范围内所谓的"加密货币金库公司"数量激增。

生物技术公司、矿业公司、酒店业者、电动车公司和电子烟制造商等纷纷抢购加密货币,得到那些希望在不直接接触数字资产的情况下分享加密货币市场红利的投资者的支持。

比特币金库公司

根据加密货币咨询公司 Architect Partners 的数据,截至 8 月 5 日的一年中,约 154 家上市公司已经筹集或承诺筹集总计 984 亿美元用于购买加密货币。而在此之前,仅有 10 家公司筹集了 336 亿美元。

一些公司效仿 Strategy,将网站颜色改为比特币的橙色调,并提供数据显示其持有多少加密货币、其价值以及其他对投资者重要的指标。

甚至特朗普本人也加入了行动 —— 他的家族媒体公司在 7 月筹集了 20 亿美元用于购买比特币及相关资产。

在比特币和基准股指屡创新高的这一年,传统投资机构正在努力寻找参与数字资产新世界的最佳方式,囤积加密货币的热潮因此兴起。

但许多人怀疑这一趋势能否持久。快速增长已让一些投资者担忧市场过热。Off The Chain Capital 的 CEO 布莱恩・埃斯特斯投资了多家比特币金库公司,他表示:"这与 1998 年的互联网泡沫类似",当时公司争相将自己重新定位为网络优先企业以吸引关注。

新公司激增也引发了人们对加密货币价格下跌及其连锁效应的担忧。那些通过举债数十亿美元购买加密货币的公司可能很快发现自己无法偿还债权人。

Natixis CIB 的投资银行技术与数据专家埃里克・贝诺伊斯特表示:"风险在于比特币崩盘。"在这种情况下,股价也会下跌,如果公司无法支付债券持有人,投资者将蒙受损失,"这可能对比特币生态系统造成系统性影响",他补充道。"每次市场出现小规模恐慌,整个市场都会下跌。"

加密货币做市商 Keyrock 的 CEO 凯文・德・帕图尔表示,投资者应对此保持现实态度。"你将大量风险注入一个系统,而这个系统最终几乎没有任何支撑,除了资产的持续升值。"

对于陷入困境的公司来说,购买加密货币似乎是吸引投资者关注并提升股价的万全之策 —— 至少是暂时的。

伦敦上市的 Bluebird Mining Ventures 创办人艾丹・毕晓普表示:"如果我们没有走上这条路,我们将难以筹集未来资金;我们就像一家奄奄一息的公司。"该公司在 6 月筹集了 200 万英镑用于购买比特币。在此之前,"为了筹集资金,我得去敲门求人",他补充道。

比特币金库公司

加密货币布道者迈克尔・塞勒自 2020 年以来花费数十亿美元购买比特币并举办会议鼓励他人效仿。其公司 Strategy 的股价在五年内飙升超过 3000%。来源:Travis P Ball/Sipa/ 路透社

大多数新进入者是普通企业,此前没有加密货币经验,但其持有的数字资产价值远超公司实际收入。

例如,美国热能公司 KULR Technology 的市值约为 2.11 亿美元,尽管今年前三个月运营亏损 940 万美元。但它持有价值约 1.18 亿美元的比特币。

在英国,网站设计公司 The Smarter Web Company 在截至 4 月的六个月内仅实现净利润 9.3 万英镑,但由于其持有价值 2.38 亿英镑的比特币,其市值约为 5.6 亿英镑。

投资者愿意支付的溢价凸显了他们对这些持有加密货币的公司的价值认可。

那些证明自己致力于继续筹集资金购买加密货币的公司会得到投资者的奖励,投资者对其股票的估值高于公司持有的比特币价值。为了实际购买这些代币,公司通常通过发行债务或股权筹集资金,然后通过 Coinbase 等交易所将资金投入购买加密货币。

速度至关重要。埃斯特斯表示:"归根结底是速度问题。目标是增加每股比特币数量,那些能最快做到这一点的公司会获得高溢价。"

对投资者而言,"每股比特币"—— 即公司每股持有的比特币数量 —— 是成功的衡量标准。如果公司快速购买更多代币,股权投资者因此间接持有的每股加密货币数量增加 —— 这也是投资者早期愿意支付溢价的原因,他们希望未来能持有更多每股比特币。

大多数购买比特币的公司同时也在运营其他业务,但新一波交易涉及空壳公司,这些公司正在大量购买或承诺购买加密货币。这些公司作为特殊目的收购公司(Spacs)运作,筹集资金用于购买或合并现有企业。

风险投资公司 Dragonfly Capital 的普通合伙人罗布・哈迪克表示,当一家有实际业务的公司购买比特币时,运营风险"实际上往往更高":"你有一个现有的管理团队,他们的目标可能会随时间变化,可能与运营业务存在优先级冲突。"

高管们现在开始购买其他代币,因为这一趋势已扩展到比特币之外。这些工具还为持有大量加密货币的人提供了在不卖出的情况下获取价值的方式。

比特币金库公司

ReserveOne 是一项由包括交易所 Kraken 和 Blockchain.com 在内的投资者资助的 10 亿美元交易,该公司计划购买比特币以及其他加密代币以太坊和 Solana。Ether Machine 筹集了 15 亿美元,计划将其用于购买以太坊。前巴克莱 CEO 鲍勃・戴蒙德通过与一家生物技术公司的 Spac 交易筹集了 8.88 亿美元,用于购买 HYPE 代币。加密货币亿万富翁赵长鹏的风投公司牵头完成了一项 5 亿美元的交易,帮助一家加拿大电子烟制造商购买 BNB,BNB 是赵长鹏共同创立的币安交易所的代币。

哈迪克表示:"我们显然正在见证一场不太合理的淘金热。感觉没有必要为所有这些不同代币设立(投资工具)。"

对于散户和机构投资者来说,加密货币金库公司是一种无需直接持有代币即可获得代币仓位的替代方式。

一些投资者选择通过 BlackRock、Fidelity 和 Invesco 等大型资产管理公司推出的美国交易所交易基金(ETF)来实现这一目标,这些受监管的产品已积累了超过 1000 亿美元的投资。

但其他投资者无法这样做。在英国和日本等国家,加密货币 ETF 已被禁止,因为监管机构试图保护投资者免受数字资产波动风险的影响。因此,金库公司作为一种代理工具,为投资者提供了通过可交易工具间接接触加密货币的途径。

UTXO Management 的共同创办人泰勒・埃文斯表示:"很多机构(投资者)根本无法投资 ETF,或者无法直接持有(加密货币)。"他表示:"我们认为比特币金库公司填补了这一空白,它们发行了符合投资权限的证券。"他的公司规模 4.3 亿美元,其中 95% 的投资都投资于比特币资金管理公司。

投资者还在利用一些国家在持有加密资产和股票之间的税收套利机会。在日本,加密货币收益的税率高达 55%,而股票税率为 20%。在巴西,加密货币收益税率为 17.5%,而股票交易所交易的股票税率为 15%。

比特币金库公司

美国总统唐纳德・特朗普对数字资产行业的全力支持,激励了全球范围内"加密货币金库公司"的蓬勃发展。来源:May James/SOPA/Getty Images

因此,投资于持有大量加密货币的公司在税收方面可能比直接持有加密货币更有效率。

热切的投资者正在全球范围内寻找具有类似税收结构的新国家以获取利润。埃斯特斯表示:"美国市场现在已经饱和…… 我们正在寻找美国以外的机会。"

加密货币与资本市场的全新联盟颇具讽刺意味,因为其最初使命是颠覆传统金融市场,远离大型机构的窥探目光。

从投资者那里筹集债务和股权一一策略的核心,而且是维持其运作的必要条件。那些加密货币购买速度不够快的公司股价已开始下跌。

尽管 Sequans Communications 在开始购买比特币后股价飙升了 160%,但其股价现在已跌至购买前的水平,反应出投资者对其购买速度的不满。

埃斯特斯说:"你把华尔街和加密货币结合起来,你需要市场能够支持这种收成。"

为了扩大规模,许多此类公司正在计划超越仅仅作为全球证券交易所上市的加密货币池。

戴蒙德表示,他专注于 HYPE 代币的投资工具可能会收购其他加密货币金库公司。"如果它们陷入困境,我们可以收购并重建它们,"他说。"这将为最强者创造机会,坦白说,就是抢购那些管理不善或融资不足的公司。"

与此同时,日本的 Metaplanet,全球第五大企业比特币购买者,计划以其庞大的代币储备为抵押借款,并转型为加密货币金融服务公司。

美国热能公司 KULR 也在探索"比特币支持的金融服务",如贷款业务,而矿业公司 Panther Metals 的 CEO 达伦・黑兹尔伍德表示,计划利用其比特币持有量为未来的勘探项目提供资金。

Natixis CIB 的贝诺伊斯特表示:"自然的演变就是金融服务,因为你可以用一大堆比特币来支持你的财务承诺。"

比特币金库公司

在美国副总统 JD・万斯在拉斯维加斯比特币大会上发表主题演讲后,与会者合影留念。加密货币购买速度不够快的公司股价已开始下跌。来源:Ethan Miller/Getty Images

但加密货币贷款是高风险业务。2022 年,贷款市场因价格下跌引发一连串违约而崩盘,导致交易所 FTX 倒闭。

贝诺伊斯特补充道:"我对这种策略的主要问题是,我不太明白它会如何结束。公司陷入一个循环,必须不断通过额外购买来维持这个循环,再回到市场购买更多 —— 这个循环必须持续以证明溢价的合理性。"

最大的风险是,如果 —— 或者当 —— 加密货币价格崩盘时,损害会有多深。不可避免地,加密货币市场低迷意味着股价与代币挂钩的公司也将下滑。

那些举债的公司面临更大风险,因为它们需要向投资者支付利息,并可能被迫筹集更多资金或出售其加密货币持有量以履行债务义务。

一位加密货币对冲基金负责人表示:"如果你通过举债来偿还现有债务,这种结构非常不健康,让我非常不安。"他补充道:"你可能会面临系统性风险,因为有太多这种脆弱的结构需要完全或部分解除,这会对市场造成压力。"

他还表示:"我希望监管机构对此进行监管,而不是所有人都假设市场会永远上涨而建立金库。"

投资者表示他们意识到风险,但渴望在繁荣时期赚钱。UTXO Management 的埃文斯在多家加密货币金库公司担任董事会成员,他表示正在推动 CEO 们"通过运营业务在市场低迷时有现金生成方式,并通过除筹集资本外的其他方式从比特币中获得收益"。

然而,即使是业内利益相关者也越来越持怀疑态度。埃斯特斯说:"这将以泡沫破裂告终。它们涨得有多快,跌得也能有多快。"

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Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

2.0k Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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