TAO 首次减半:你应该知道的事

金色财经Published on 2025-07-31Last updated on 2025-07-31

作者:Lucas 来源:X,@OnchainLu 翻译:善欧巴,金色财经

加密世界即将迎来又一次“减半”,但这一次主角不是比特币,而是 Bittensor —— 一个被称为“智能的比特币”的去中心化 AI 网络。它的首个减半事件预计将在 2025 年 12 月至 2026 年 2 月之间发生。

与比特币类似,TAO 的总供应量为 2100 万枚,通过定期减半控制通胀;但不同的是,Bittensor 的激励结构横跨多个子网,每个子网都有其自己的原生代币 Alpha(记作 ‘α’)和独立的流动性机制。

这种结构的复杂性,使得这次减半带来的“连锁反应”更难预测。

问题不仅在于 TAO 的价格是否会上涨,而在于整个多子网生态是否能承受:减半后更少的流动性注入,Alpha 相对 TAO 的稀释加剧,以及跨子网 Alpha 可能出现的持续抛压

本篇文章的目的是讲清楚 TAO 减半的运作机制,并预测生态中不同参与者可能受到的影响。

已知事实

让我们先看看已知的信息。

DBK3oF6foZseg9vmtv7DfvfPzjXYLPTkELsEG8tC.png

当流通供应量超过 10.5M TAO(恰好是 21M 总上限的 50%)时,就会发生减半。在撰写本文时,网络目前流通的 TAO 约为 9.4M,Taostats 的直播时间表预计该门槛将于2025年12月13日达到。

由于减半是基于“流通量”而非区块高度,因此其确切时间会受到 TAO 的回收速率影响。矿工/验证者注销、子网注册费用、冷钥更换等行为会将 TAO 回收至未发行池中,从而延后减半时间。若这些活动减少,TAO 回收变少,则减半将提前到来

与你可能认为的相反,TAO 减半并非参与者奖励的减半。

当减半发生时,会发生以下情况:

区块奖励和发行量减半。

  • 每个区块将铸造 0.5 TAO,而不是 1 TAO。 鉴于区块大约每 12 秒产生一次,这意味着每天将发行约 3,600 TAO(减半后),而不是每天铸造约 7,200 TAO(减半前)。

网络通胀下降。

  • TAO 通胀将从每年约 25% 降至每年约 12.5%(基于 1050 万的基础供应量,尽管实际供应量增加会更低,因为有些代币会被销毁)。

Alpha_in(注入每个子网交易池的 Alpha)减半。

  • 这是因为 Alpha_in 是通过将 TAO 发行量除以 Alpha 价格计算得出的,而 TAO 发行量减半了。 由于 Alpha_in 负责平衡流动性,其减半会使池子变浅,这意味着任何交易——无论是买入还是卖出——都会产生更大的价格波动。这种影响在减半前流动性较低的子网中会更加明显。

Alpha_out(奖励给矿工/验证者/所有者的 Alpha)保持不变。

  • 这意味着发行量将保持不变。 Alpha_out 仅在每个子网的单独减半时才会减半,这遵循一个独立的日程。

子网 Alpha 的下行价格压力增加。

  • 在 Alpha_in 减半(至少最初是这样)而 Alpha_out 不变的情况下,将会有更强的抛售压力,尤其是在流动性较浅的子网交易池中。 澄清一下,“更强的抛售压力”并不一定意味着更多的人在抛售——我指的是由于子网交易池中 Alpha 流动性较低,相同数量的 Alpha 抛售将对价格产生更大的影响和滑点。

Root APY 适度下降。

  • 由于 Root 奖励以 TAO 分发,从 Alpha 兑换时(尤其是在低流动性池中)感受到的滑点增加将逐步降低分发给 Root 质押者的奖励的美元价值。这不考虑更广泛的市场动态。

除非通过治理单独升级,否则区块时间、销毁/回收和子网奖励分配保持不变。

那意味着什么?

现在我们来谈谈这些结构性变化将如何影响 Bittensor 生态中的各类参与者。如果你还不熟悉子网拥有者、矿工或验证者的角色,可以参考这份说明文档。

子网所有者

在流动性注入减半的背景下,构建一个成功的子网将变得指数级地更困难

所有子网都会在一段时间后受到影响,但新子网的影响最为直接,因为它们的交易池还未积累足够的流动性。例如,一个六个月前上线的子网,可能已经有 $100,000 的 TAO 作为交易池支撑;而减半后上线的新子网,在相同时间内可能连 $50,000 都难以达到

由于可用于交易的 TAO 减半,每一笔买卖订单都会对 Alpha 价格产生更大冲击。此前提到的下行价格压力会对 Alpha 造成级联影响,尤其对那些没有池中储备金的新子网来说,将非常难以承受。

为了尽早缓解这种压力,我认为新子网拥有者需要:

  • 在数周内找到产品市场契合点(PMF),而不是几个月,否则矿工和投资者将被迫迁移到更具流动性的替代方案。时间窗口将变得更加紧迫

  • 更重视外部收入的创造,例如:

    • 对客户推理服务收费(例如 Targon),

    • 销售和授权数据(例如 Data Universe、Masa),

    • 或其他形式的应用收费。

目前,确实已有少部分子网拥有者像初创公司 CEO 一样运营,拥有真实客户与收入来源,而不是靠收益耕作。减半的到来将加速所有人转向这种模式的紧迫性。

矿工与验证者

对矿工和验证者的影响更为复杂 ——他们的 Alpha 奖励(Alpha_out)和运营成本(如电费、硬件成本、维护费用)不会改变,但由于每个子网的交易池支撑流动性下降,他们的收益风险大幅增加。在利润空间压缩的情况下,Alpha 的价格表现将决定矿工和验证者是否能盈利。如果 Alpha 保持价格稳定,他们仍能在子网中盈利;但如果 Alpha 因波动加剧或卖压而暴跌,运营成本可能会吞噬所有回报,导致亏损。我预计,大多数矿工和验证者将退出那些波动剧烈、流动性不足的子网,转而集中在那些拥有 深厚 TAO 支撑和清晰商业模型的子网上。

我们将看到从“数量优先”向“质量优先”的转变 —— 在那些流动性充足、经过验证的子网上,UID(子网身份)将变得稀缺。随着 UID 竞争加剧,矿工将无法再“广撒网”、在多个子网上投入少量精力就获得可观收益。他们将被迫专注于 1~2 个高质量子网,并交付真正有价值的计算工作,才能获得持续的收益。减半之后,成功的关键将是专业化和稳定高质量的贡献,以争夺有限的 Alpha 奖励。

与之相比,验证者的适应难度较低,因为大多数验证者运行的是由子网提供的验证脚本,不需要太多专业技能或操作变更,他们面临的主要挑战是:如何选择合适的子网。验证者的主要奖励仍由质押权重决定(他们的 Alpha 持仓,加上自持或被委托的 TAO 的 18%),他们仍然可以在多个子网之间保持多元化策略,并将质押资金重新分配到最稳健的机会上。

最终,矿工与验证者都将面临“强者恒强”的局面:参与者会将算力和质押集中到那些流动性最强、表现最好的子网上。这可能会使得这些热门子网的奖励被更多人瓜分,即使是在“赢家”子网中,每个参与者的单位收益也可能下降

那对投资者意味着什么?

现在,我们终于来到你可能最期待的部分。

质押动态:资金“逃向安全地带”

减半将引发资本的大规模再配置,因为质押者将在整个生态中面对不均衡的收益压缩。我们已经可以看到这种转变的早期信号。

NeDlHhj3QDxbpnuRl71vrbisFmxBXyT4CfgjIzBW.png

从上图来看,质押在 Alpha 上的 TAO 数量一直在稳步增长,但这种增长的速度开始放缓。过去一个月的上升趋缓,并不意味着更多人倾向于质押 Alpha 而非 Root —— 它只是意味着有新的 TAO 进入了流通,其中一部分被分配到了 dTAO(子网)上。

5TQ7ytHT2JBe8IQDa8AyfsN5ThQtKXIdEcrJv4or.png

而质押在 Root 上的 TAO(如图所示)则展现出一个有趣的趋势。

随着投资者对 dTAO 质押逐渐熟悉,同时受到下降的 Root 年化收益率(如下图,目前大约为 8–10%)的压力,Root 质押者逐渐减少了持仓。尽管自 6 月底以来 Root 质押量出现了明显回升,从约 570 万枚涨至 610 万枚,但这次跳涨主要来自一次技术修正 —— 链上原有约 40 万枚 TAO 存在于钱包中,但未被正确计入质押总量。

wp2MQxx9yUk2M9cZcQY8AbX1vZboN5MHj2G24F52.png

关键问题是:这种 Root 质押的回升趋势,在减半后是否还会持续?

我认为会,而且是显著持续。

正如我们已经讨论的,大多数 Alpha 代币在减半后将变得更具波动性,持有风险更高。我不认为有太多理性投资者会在面临更大下行风险的前提下,仍愿接受与此前相同的 Alpha 收益率。

尽管 Root 的年化收益率会因滑点增加而受到一定影响,但它提供的是稳定性与 TAO 敞口,不会像流动性稀薄的 Alpha 池那样波动剧烈。我认为,通过 Root 质押直接持有 TAO,将成为更具风险调整优势的选择。而对于那些仍选择继续质押子网而非 Root 的投资者,我预计他们将集中在那些已建立流动性、拥有清晰收入模型和真实使用场景的子网上。

结语

这次 TAO 减半将形成一个筛选机制,从长期看,可能对 TAO 本身构成利好。流动性注入被减半,将削弱那些仅靠排放“续命”的弱子网赖以生存的安全缓冲,迫使它们从“依赖排放”转向“真实创收”。

这场压力测试很可能会淘汰掉低效子网,同时也会迫使幸存者将优势进一步放大那些能成功创造外部收入的强子网,将成为矿工、验证者与质押者的唯一可持续去处。

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