特朗普 2019 年来首次约见鲍威尔,再施压美联储降息

深潮Published on 2025-05-30Last updated on 2025-05-30

特朗普则表示,美联储未能降息是一个错误。

撰文:何浩,华尔街见闻

周四,美联储在一份声明中表示,美联储主席鲍威尔 5 月 29 日周四应美国总统特朗普的邀请,在白宫与其会面。双方讨论了美国经济发展情况,包括经济增长、就业和通胀等议题。

这是特朗普开启他的美国总统的第二个任期以来两人首次会晤。这也是他们自 2019 年 11 月以来的首次会晤。

本月早些时候,鲍威尔表示,除非总统主动要求,否则他不会寻求与特朗普会面。「我从未要求与任何一位总统会面,也永远不会。我不会这么做。我从来没有理由要求会面。这种情况总是由对方提出的。」

美联储表示,鲍威尔在会面中没有讨论对货币政策的预期,只是强调政策路径将完全取决于未来的经济数据以及这些数据对经济前景的影响。鲍威尔强调,他本人及联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)的同事将根据法律规定,制定旨在支持最大就业和物价稳定的货币政策,并且所有决策都将基于仔细、客观、非政治化的分析。

特朗普和鲍威尔的这次会面正值特朗普宣布的一系列对美国贸易伙伴的关税大多被法院裁定无效后不久。

2025 年美联储一直维持利率不变,认为在特朗普不断扩大和调整关税政策导致经济不确定性加剧的情况下,采取耐心的政策立场是合适的。美联储政策制定者曾表示,已宣布的关税预计将对经济增长产生压力,同时推高通胀水平。

美联储的「观望」立场引发了特朗普的不满。特朗普多次批评鲍威尔领导下的美联储,公开呼吁降息。特朗普此前表示,鲍威尔往往调整政策过于迟缓,还多次将鲍威尔称为「大失败者」。

特朗普在今年 4 月的一则社交媒体帖子中,重新引发了人们对他是否会寻求罢免鲍威尔的猜测,这种猜测最早出现在他第一个总统任期期间。不过,特朗普后来搁置了这一想法。鲍威尔的美联储主席任期将于 2026 年 5 月届满。

此外,本月一项最高法院裁决则保护了美联储免于上述罢免。这一裁决是更大范围的裁决的一部分,该裁决则允许美国总统罢免独立机构的高级官员。

鲍威尔则一再强调,美联储官员们在制定政策时采取非政治化的立场,并根据他们对经济最佳利益的判断做出决策。据美联储表示,鲍威尔在本次会面中再次向特朗普重申了这一立场。

特朗普再向鲍威尔施压要求降息

美联储的上述声明发布后不久,白宫新闻秘书 Karoline Leavitt 在简报会上确认了美联储声明的准确性。

白宫方面表示,特朗普在与鲍威尔自其就任总统以来的首次面对面会晤中,敦促鲍威尔降低利率。Leavitt 周四在简报会上表示,特朗普对鲍威尔表示,他认为美联储主席未能降息是一个错误的决策。

莱维特表示,这一决定让我们在经济上处于相对于其他国家的劣势,总统对此一直非常直言不讳,不论是公开场合还是——现在我可以透露——私下场合也是如此。两人并未讨论特朗普是否会寻求罢免鲍威尔的问题。

此后,美国白宫国家经济委员会主任哈塞特表示,他参与了总统特朗普与美联储主席鲍威尔的会面,确认鲍威尔的会谈声明。

由于关税不确定性仍然存在,市场普遍预期美联储将维持利率不变,直到局势更加明朗。期货市场定价显示,美联储最早要到 9 月才会恢复降息,且在年底前可能还会再进行一次降息。

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