比特币Miner收入将面临压力

GlassnodePublished on 2022-06-13Last updated on 2022-06-13

Abstract

随着市场交易接近2021-22年周期的价格低点,绝大多数持有者现在都持有未实现的损失。此外,Miner似乎正在经历一些收入下降,生产成本增多的压力。

随着市场交易接近2021-22年周期的价格低点,绝大多数持有者现在都持有未实现的损失。此外,Miner似乎正在经历一些收入下降,生产成本增多的压力。

在经历了连续九周的“血腥红色”周后,市场收出了第一根绿色周阳线,尽管每周涨幅为1.57%,相对幅度较小。市场在每周高点31,900美元和低点29,375美元之间波动。

由于价格处于2021至2022年周期区间的低点,最近17个月的绝大多数买家现在都持有未实现亏损。在链上数据中可以观察到市场中这种不确定性和压力的强度,并且持续依赖长期持有者来承担。

我们还看见,尽管网络难度攀升,但miner的收入却在大幅下降。这表明,miner的规模扩大了,大量的资本投入,并且生产成本增加。随着利润倍数下降和财务压力增加,市场很可能处于比特币熊市的第二个也是历史上最后一个抛售阶段。

比特币:23周价格走势

历史上的宏观低点

在所有绘制比特币市场价值空间的模型中,有两个简单但强大的指标被分析师们广泛使用:MayerMultiple和RealizedPrice。

MayerMultiple是一个震荡指标,定义为价格与200天移动平均线的比率。因此,MayerMultiple代表了与这个长期平均价格的偏差,作为衡量超买和超卖条件的工具,包含了比特币生命周期的数据点。

根据最初的分析,MayerMultiple在0.6-0.8的范围内下降代表了超卖或被低估的情况。在下图中,这些倍数被应用于200DMA(200天移动平均线),以证明MayerMultiple显示的低估区:0.6MM<价格<0.8MM。

在过去四个熊市中,市场价格分两个不同阶段进入这一价值范围:

A阶段--熊市早期,最初的ATH后抛售导致持有者恐慌

B阶段--熊市后期,因为市场进入底部形成和抛售阶段

在当前市场中,自5月5日以来,价格一直徘徊在这个价值区域内(25,200-33,700美元),更类似于以前熊市周期的B阶段。从概率上看,比特币价格仅在7.9%的交易日收于0.8的MayerMultiple以下。

比特币:MayerMultiple模型

实现价格模型(RealizedPriceModel)是以前绘制周期底部的宏观指标。实现价格目前的交易价格为23,600美元,代表了比特币供应中所有Token的估计平均基础成本,基于它们最后在链上变动时的价格。在以前的熊市周期中,当现货价格交易低于实现价格时,这表明形成宏观低点的可能性增加。

从历史数据上看,整体市场基础成本或实际价格一直是一个非常稳健的周期支撑位,84.9%的比特币交易日收于该水平之上。换句话说,只有15.1%的交易日收盘价低于实际价格,与0.8的MayerMultiple相似。

比特币:实现价格模型

漫长的熊市与盈利能力

在评估了过去的熊市结构以模拟潜在的周期底部区域后,可以通过量化整个网络感受到的"熊市痛苦"的程度来质疑这种说法。未实现的净利润/损失(NUPL)指标映射出网络的整体未实现的利润和损失占市值的比例。因此,NUPL可以作为一个指南针来评估这个市场的痛阈值。

自5月初以来,NUPL一直在18.6%至25.0%的范围内波动,这表明只有不到25%的市值是有利润的。这类似于以前熊市中崩溃前阶段的市场结构。在市场抛售的情况下,NUPL通常会跌至市值最高-25%的未实现损失。鉴于目前已实现价格为23,600美元,这意味着NUPL将出现全面抛售情况的价格匹配范围为23600美元至20560美元。

值得注意的是HODLer的长期持有和比特币的丢失导致NUPL周期的低点一直在逐渐攀升。引入衍生品很可能会进一步加剧这种影响,因为这些衍生品可以在不出售现货敞口的情况下对冲风险。

比特币:未实现损益净额(NUPL)

由于NUPL跟踪市场上的未实现损益,我们可以通过调查已实现的亏损来衡量持有者的实际反应。此处,累计已实现损失(90D)表现为与已实现上限的比率,以针对市场规模进行标准化。与MayerMultiple模型中强调的两阶段熊市模式一致,累计已实现损失图也表示熊市的两个阶段。

本次周期的早期亏损风波已经在2021年5月至7月ATH后的崩溃中呈现了出来(A阶段)。目前,市场正在经历B阶段,发生市场抛售事件的概率很高,并且正在链上持续损失。

比特币:累计实现损失/实现上限

长线持有者承担损失

熊市的一个突出趋势是,随着投机者纷纷离开市场,短期持有人(STHs)的开始份额不断减少。因此,STHs最终持有的Token较少,而LTH开始积累并主导了流通供应。这种趋势是熊市期间发生的两个平行事件的结果。

阶段A:在顶部附近购买的短期持有人立即陷入亏损,减少了他们的总体利润供应。

阶段B:长期持有者在熊市中坚持积累,尽管价格把他们新获得的Token推向了未实现的损失。

目前,几乎58%的流通量处于盈利状态,而在过去三次市场下跌中,这一指标下降到<50%的水平。而STH-供应量的利润只有2.2%,意味着短期持有者几乎完全处于亏损状态。同时,长期持有者的盈利供应份额从4月份的68.5%下降到今天的55.7%,这表明他们目前承担了市场的大部分未实现损失。

比特币:获利/亏损的长期和短期持有者供应(14DMA)

为了给这个观察增加一个新的维度,我们可以研究一下长期持有者持有的利润中的供应份额。在熊市的后期阶段,长期持有者的主导地位不断增强(或短期持有者的份额不断减少),这一点很明显。

在过去两个延长的熊市中,这个指标的14DMA(14天移动平均线)突破了90%的门槛线。这意味着在看跌价格行为的心理压力下,短期持有者在市场中仅持有<10%的利润。随着最近下跌到30000美元以下,这个指标越过了90%的门槛。在这个水平之上,STHs基本上已经达到了一个接近峰值的痛苦阈值,几乎没有未实现的利润,而LTHs主导了剩余的盈利供应。

比特币:长期持有者从供应中分享利润

此外,本周对LTHs和STHs之间的未实现损失分布的研究表明:

价格目前在2021-2022年周期的低点交易,这意味着自2021年1月以来几乎所有的买家现在都持有未实现的损失。

自2021年5月以来,亏损的LTH供应量一直在增加,但此后停滞在26%的供应量上(与STHs的16%相比)。这表明LTH正在承担更多的未实现的损失(Token所有权的建设性洗牌),目前持有2021至2022年周期中约62%的亏损供应(26%/(26%+16%))。

STH供应亏损也大致稳定,在供应量的16%至18%左右波动。155天前(2022年1月1日)的价格是47000美元,因此大部分的STHs在2022年第一季度之前的整个盘整范围内开始积累。

比特币:盈利/亏损的长期和短期持有者供应

如果不研究LTHs对剧烈价格调整的反应,就无法得出压力下LTHs的行为分析。在这里,我们将检查长期持有者的回报区间的实现的利润和损失指标,特别是针对存入交易平台的Token。在2018-19年的熊市和2020年3月的COVID暴跌中,累计实现的损失超过了市值的0.006%。目前,这种模式在5月初暴跌至30K美元以下时再次出现。为了给这次调查打下基础,我们应该强调的是:

LTH存放在交易平台的Token的损失现在已经达到了与以往熊市相当的程度。然而,我们还没有持续的时间数据,而且与之前的>75%的下降相比,下降幅度为58%。

收益和亏损图

压力下的Miner收入

在确定了当前熊市的严重性和探讨了长期持有者的相应行为后,我们现在将评估Miner对收入下降的反应。

为了给这个分析打下基础,我们首先要从Miner的角度量化市场的盈利能力。PuellMultiple是比特币的每日发行价值(以美元计)与该价值的365天移动平均值的比率。

评估PuellMultiple的整个历史,上面概述的两个阶段的熊市也很明显。在熊市的早期阶段,PuellMultiple通常落入0.6至1.0的范围,表明当前收入比去年平均低40%。随后,在长期熊市的后期阶段,往往会发生市场抛售事件,PuellMultiple骤降到0.5以下的区域。

这个指标目前位于0.66,处于进入市场抛售范围的边缘。考虑到这一指标与价格之间的高度相关性,价格下跌-10%或更多的迹象表明Miner收入面临沉重压力。

比特币:Puell多重(7DMA)

鉴于2021年11月以来USD收入普遍下降,我们可以观察到Miner的余额下降,出现了额外支出。Miner净头寸变化指标目前显示,Miner余额每月累计减少5000至8000BTC。

比特币:Miner净头寸变化

下图标志着Miner的行为发生了明显的变化,因为他们的余额在ATH的第一次下跌期间出现了大约12000BTC的净积累。这是为了应对因LUNA基金会出售超过8万个BTC以试图维持UST挂钩而导致的市场崩溃,Miners自那以后售出了1万个BTC,增加了市场的销售压力。

比特币:在Miner钱包中的余额

时间上的分歧

一个值得讨论的分歧是网络难度的持续攀升,自ATH以来,尽管Miner总收入的经济激励下降了56.7%,但难度却上升了132%。这种难度的大幅跳跃表明现有的Miner已经扩大了他们的规模,而新的Miner在收入大量减少的情况下仍然加入了网络。因此,最近在Mining硬件和设施上的资本支出很可能会给Miner的资产负债表增加持续的压力。

比特币:Miner的难度vs收益

摘要和结论

基于MayerMultiple和RealizedPrice,市场现在已经将比特币价格推到了低于比特币交易日水平的15%。

网络未实现损失正徘徊在晚期熊市的过渡区,然而这还不是市场完全抛售的信号。随着价格处于2021-22年周期的低点,自2021年1月1日以来的所有买家现在都处于水下(亏损状态)。

长期持有者目前承担了大部分(62%)未实现的损失,这表明在整个熊市中,比特币的所有权已经发生了逐步但有效的变化。

Miner的压力似乎越来越大,有迹象表明,在最近的运营扩张的同时,资产负债表也在减少,这一点通过上升的网络难度表现出来。这意味着每个BTC现在的存储活动成本更高,而区块奖励却继续下降,可能预示着未来可能出现Miner抛售的周期。

Related Reads

Podcast Notes: Hyperliquid Has Become the Top Interest Point for Traditional Hedge Funds

Empire Podcast hosts Jason Yanowitz and Santiago Santos discuss the surging institutional interest in Hyperliquid, a decentralized perpetual exchange, marking the highest level of engagement from traditional hedge fund managers since Paul Tudor Jones endorsed Bitcoin in 2020. The primary driver is the demand for weekend trading of commodities like oil, especially during geopolitical tensions such as the Iran conflict, as Hyperliquid provides the only active price discovery venue when traditional markets are closed. Trade XYZ, a front-end on Hyperliquid, has seen significant growth, with weekend oil price predictions having a median error of only 50 basis points. Santos predicts commodity trading volume on Hyperliquid will surpass Bitcoin within the year and that its market cap could rise from $25 billion to $100 billion. Other key points include Kraken raising $200 million at a reduced valuation of $13.3 billion, and the SEC clarifying that self-custodied DeFi frontends like MetaMask are not subject to broker-dealer rules, resolving a major regulatory uncertainty. The hosts also note the strong correlation between crypto and macro markets, with the S&P 500 posting one of its best 10-day rallies since 1950. They highlight MicroStrategy's continued Bitcoin acquisitions and the potential of real-world asset (RWA) tokenization as a key trend. The discussion concludes with skepticism towards many L2 projects, predicting a wave of protocols truly going to zero as capital concentrates in proven assets like Bitcoin and Hyperliquid.

marsbit5h ago

Podcast Notes: Hyperliquid Has Become the Top Interest Point for Traditional Hedge Funds

marsbit5h ago

a16z: The Next Frontier of AI, The Triple Flywheel of Robotics, Autonomous Science, and Brain-Computer Interfaces

a16z presents a comprehensive investment thesis for the next frontier of AI: Physical AI, centered on a synergistic flywheel of robotics, autonomous science, and novel human-computer interfaces (HCIs) like brain-computers. While the current AI paradigm scales on language and code, the most disruptive future capabilities will emerge from three adjacent fields leveraging five core technical primitives: 1) learned representations of physical dynamics (via models like VLA, WAM, and native embodied models), 2) embodied action architectures (e.g., dual-system designs, diffusion-based motion generation, and RL fine-tuning like RECAP), 3) simulation and synthetic data as scaling infrastructure, 4) expanded sensory channels (touch, neural signals, silent speech, olfaction), and 5) closed-loop agent systems for long-horizon tasks. These primitives converge to power three key domains: * **Robotics:** The literal embodiment of AI, requiring all primitives for real-world physical interaction and manipulation. * **Autonomous Science:** Self-driving labs that conduct hypothesis-experiment-analysis loops, generating structured, causally-grounded data to improve physical AI models. * **Novel HCIs:** Devices (AR glasses, EMG wearables, BCIs) that expand human-AI bandwidth and act as massive data-collection networks for real-world human experience. These domains form a mutually reinforcing flywheel: Robotics enable autonomous labs, which in turn generate valuable data for robotics and materials science. New interfaces provide rich human-physical interaction data to train better robots and scientists. Together, they represent a new scaling axis for AI, moving beyond the digital realm to interact with and learn from physical reality, promising significant emergent capabilities and value.

marsbit6h ago

a16z: The Next Frontier of AI, The Triple Flywheel of Robotics, Autonomous Science, and Brain-Computer Interfaces

marsbit6h ago

Trading

Spot
Futures

Hot Articles

What is $BITCOIN

DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

363 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of BTC (BTC) are presented below.

活动图片