稳定币增发真能带动市场上涨?揭密 USDT、USDC 与 PYUSD 的近期动态

链捕手Published on 2024-09-26Last updated on 2024-09-26

作者:WOO X Research

 

背景

9 月 23 日 USDC Treasury 再次在以太坊上新增铸造 5,000 万枚 USDC ,这也是 Circle 自九月以来第二次新增铸造 5000 万枚 USDC 。无独有偶地,另一个稳定币巨头 Tether 也在 9 月 16 日于以太坊新增铸造 10 亿枚 USDT 。

除了两大市面上最主流的稳定币增发之外, Web 2 支付巨头 PayPal 推出的 PYUSD 则是强力进攻 Solana 生态,与借贷协议 Kamino 绑定。

根据 DeFiLlama 数据显示,2024 年以来稳定币整体市值已从 1300 亿美元成长至目前 1720 亿美元,年内涨幅高达 32%。

稳定币的增发并不像其他代币一样单一价值被稀释,由于背后担保品使其可以锚定一美元的特性,代表的是加密市场对于稳定币的需求增加,在理论上也被视为热钱涌入市场,为利多讯号。

即使今年稳定币的成长有目共睹,市场在这轮周期仍被诟病欠缺流动性、没有新进资金,上述理论是否被证明为伪?当中与币价、整体加密市场的 TVL 实际的关联性又是什么?上述各大稳定币发行商近期的战略动作又是什么?

就让  WOO X Research 带大家一探究竟。

美国农业部

数据情形

USDC 在 2022 年 3 月时市占率为 32%,之后受到矽谷银行破产倒闭影响,目前市占率仅剩 20.6%,市值也从 550 亿美元跌落到现在 350 亿美元。

虽说矽谷银行破产事件对 USDC 带来巨大冲击,但在2024 年7 月开始, USDC 先是在 Sol 上新增铸造2.5 亿枚 USDC ; 8 月继续在 Sol 上新增铸造2 次2.5 亿美元的 USDC ,在以太坊则是增发2 次5000 万美元的 USDC

到近期九月则是拉高在以太坊铸币的频率,在三个礼拜内增发了 4 次 5000 万枚 USDC ,共计 2 亿。

  • 以太坊:9/23 5000 万、9/10 5000 万、9/9 5000 万、8/30 5000 万
  • SOLANA :8/8 2.5 亿、7/20 2.5 亿

Circle 近三个月的疯狂印钞,增发约 8 亿 USDC ,也使得 USDC 的市值在 2024 年呈现缓慢上升趋势,修复矽谷银行所带来的伤痕。

近期动态

增发的意义除了上述所提到的可能是热钱涌入的迹象,更代表发行商对于整体加密市场未来的看好。

Circle Ventures 在 2024 年一共投资了 12 笔项目,一个月投资 1~2 个项目,投资项目类型多为支付、 RWA 赛道,以及一些零星的基础设施。像是近期融资 3800 万新兴概念 PayFi 龙头 Huma Funance 、 RWA 信贷市场 Centrifuge 等。

USDC 虽是中心化稳定币,但却是 DeFi 中重要的底层资产, Circle 从自身业务如支付、 RWA (稳定币把现实资产带到链上可以说是最早的 RWA )出发,相关板块有着容纳大量资金的能力,待市场热络、整体 TVL 冲高之时, Circle 便能够链上、链下两边赚,成为名符其实的赚钱机器。而 Circle 创办人 Jeremy 在近期也表示正在推行 IPO 计画。

Jeremy 也在 Solana BreakPoint 大会上表示,近期正在探索 USDC 和 AI 代理的结合,用于确保钱包等基础设施的灵活与安全性。

从 USDC 增发、投资支付、 RWA 、基础设施赛道再到 AI 探索, Circle 动作频频,相关赛道值得持续关注。

泰达币

数据情形

USDT 一直以来便是稳定币的霸主,市占率高达 7 成,主要流通量在 TRON 上,占比近 50%。整体市值高达 1200 亿美元,自今年以来成长 33%

USDT 增发以 10 亿为单位,今年在以太坊以及 TRON 各增发五次,也就是 100 亿美元。

  • 以太坊:9/16 10 亿、8/21 10 亿、8/13 10 亿、5/21 10 亿、2/21 10 亿
  • TRON :8/20 10 亿、6/15 10 亿、5/17 10 亿、4/4 10 亿、1/29 10 亿

USDT 占据了稳定币的大片江山,母公司 Tether 自然也赚得盆满钵满,从 Tether Q2 释出的财报显示,净营业利润达到 13 亿美元,2024 半年狂捞 52 亿美元,为历史新高。

主要营收来源为存入、赎回时收取的 0.1% 手续费,另外还有帐户验证费、 USDT 贷款利息收入等。

Tether 凭借着强大的市占率,带起网路效应,不论牛熊,成为加密市场上的印钞机。

近期动态

比起 Circle 从自身业务出发扩张版图, Tether 则是斜杠玩家。

近期 9 月 8 日宣布收购拉丁美洲农业巨头 Adecoagro 9.8% 的股份。 7 月宣布开发去中心化 AI 模型,也投资云端 GPU 营运商的 Northern Data Group ,高达 6.1  亿美元的债务融资。 6 月投资比特币挖矿公司比特小鹿,买入一亿美元 BTDR 股票。

在 4 月更是宣布成立四个新业务部门,包含技术、金融、能源(挖矿)以及教育,并推出旗下风险投资部门 Tether Evo ,向稳定币以外的赛道探索。

PY 美元

数据情形

PYUSD 不像 USDT 、 USDC 历史悠久,它在2023 年由 PayPal 推出,目前仅在以太坊以及 Solana 上流通,流通比率约为1:1,虽说上文以太坊与 Solana 在流通量略为相等,但 PYUSD 直到今年五月才上线 Solana ,可以视为 PYUSD 为 Solana 当中的原生稳定币。 PayPal 选择 Solana 是优秀的结算速度、低于一美分交易费用,以及拥有超过 2,500 名开发者的生态系。

目前 PYUSD 市值为 7 亿 2200 万美元,自今年以来增速极快,一方面也受惠于今年 Solana 的突飞猛进,市值成长约为 3 倍,排行整体稳定币第七名。

而近期的流通量下跌,则归因于 Solana 上各种 DeFi 协议中对于 PYUSD 奖励年化报酬的下降。

原先将 PYUSD 存入借贷协议 Kamino 进行放款,可以获得约 13% 的低风险收益,但随着活动结束,目前收益落在 7%~8% 之间,存款意愿降低, PYUSD 流通量因此减少。 Kamino 当中的 PYUSD 占了 SOL 上总流通量的 78%,因此资金从协议出逃对于 PYUSD 的影响极大,也是 PYUSD 持有者的需要考虑的风险之一。

近期动态

PayPal 在去年 8 月推出 PYUSD ,看似入局较晚,其实是 PayPal Ventures 早在 2019 年便有加密项目投资纪录。今年有 4 笔投资,共三个项目,其中链上风控公司 Chaos Labs 共三轮融资皆有参与(种子轮于 2023 年领投)

此外也包含今年红极一时的收息稳定币项目 Ethena 、支付平台 Mesh 。可以看出 PayPal 的发展方向仍围绕着本身稳定币与支付业务。

稳定币市值与 DeFi TVL & 比特币价格关联

复盘过去经验可以发现,稳定币市值与比特币价格的关联性如下

  • 2021 年,比特币价格上升的同时,稳定币市值也在增加,这代表资金正流入加密货币市场,投资者可能将资金暂时停留在稳定币,等待机会买入比特币或其他加密资产。
  • 2022 年,随着市场下跌,比特币价格与稳定币市值都出现下降,这表示资金正在撤离市场,投资者将稳定币兑换回法币或直接提取资金。
  • 2023 年至2024年,比特币价格和稳定币市值均呈现逐渐上升的趋势,暗示着市场重新恢复兴趣,资金再次流入加密货币市场。

比特币价格与稳定币市值之间存在着强烈的正相关关系。当比特币价格上升时,稳定币市值通常会增加,这表明市场资金流入;反之,当比特币价格下降时,稳定币市值也会减少,表示市场资金流出。

而 DeFi TVL 的走势与稳定币市值更是强烈正相关,折线图几乎完美重合。近期稳定币不断增发,我们也可以期望市场在热钱不断涌入之后,无论是比特币、山寨币皆能恢复流动性。

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