比特币周期的终结?当前周期与历史表现大不同

marsbitPublished on 2024-09-13Last updated on 2024-09-14

本文将复盘2011-2024年比特币4个周期,深入探讨当前周期的市场变化。

比特币周期理论,尤其是与比特币减半事件的关联,一直以来被视为预测比特币价格走势的重要工具。历史上比特币减半通常会导致价格上涨,但当前市场表现及其背后的因素表明,这一理论的有效性可能正在减弱。

本文将复盘2011-2024年比特币4个周期,深入探讨当前周期的市场变化。

周期

01.比特币周期理论的基础

比特币每210,000个区块的挖矿奖励会减半,约每四年发生一次。这一机制旨在控制比特币的供应量,从而增加其稀缺性。历史上,减半事件通常伴随着比特币价格的显著上涨,形成周期。例如:

2012年减半:比特币价格从大约12美元飙升至2013年底的超过1000美元。

2016年减半:比特币价格在减半后不久上涨至近3000美元,并在2017年底达到近20000美元的历史高点。

2020年减半:比特币价格在2020年5月的减半后,迅速上涨至2021年的历史新高。

2012年、2016年和2020年的减半事件后,比特币价格均经历了显著上涨,形成了明显的牛市周期。这些历史数据使得比特币周期理论获得了广泛的认可和信任。

本轮周期在2024年4月20日完成第四次比特币减半,然后减半后的表现却不如预期。

02.减半后价格数据

如果我们把历史上比特币减半的日期拉到坐标轴同一起点,并把之后的价格与减半当天币价进行对比,可以发现当前周期的表现是最差的。

尽管在4月减半事件之前,市场首次突破了新的周期性历史高点,但这并未改变当前周期相对低迷的表现。

周期

来源:Glassnode

以下是每轮周期减半后144天左右价格涨跌情况(与减半当天价格对比):

  • 周期1:+895%
  • 周期2:+15%
  • 周期3:+ 37%
  • 周期4:-11%

当前周期减半后比以往呈现更弱的价格反应,比特币的价格表现不佳。这究竟是为什么?本轮周期与此前有何不同?

03.趋于稳定的比特币

2023-2024年的比特币周期在某些方面与以往周期相似,但也存在明显的不同。

在2022年底FTX崩溃后,市场经历了约18个月的价格稳定上涨。伴随比特币ETF通过,新资金不断涌入,在达到73,000美元的高点后,市场进入了为期三个月的区间震荡。

在这期间,从5月到7月,比特币价格经历了最深的周期性修正,回调幅度超过了26%。尽管这一下跌幅度显著,但与以往周期相比,这次的下跌明显较浅,波动性也有所减弱,反映出比特币市场结构相对稳定,作为金融资产比之前更成熟。

周期

来源:Glassnode

我们来看一下另一个技术指标 MVRV Z-score,同样也可以看出不同周期比特币市场表现的差异。

首先,MVRV-Z分数是一个相对指标,计算公式为:(流通市值-已实现市值)/标准差(流通市值)。当该指标过高时,表示比特币的市场价值相对于其真实价值被高估,这对价格可能不利。反之,如果该指标较低,则意味着比特币的市场价值被低估。

周期

来源:Coinglass

从上图2010年-2024年数据中我们可以看出,相比之前周期,MVRV-Z分数(绿色线)波动、峰值和回报相对温和,并不像早期那般幅度大。

比特币开始趋于一种稳定的、逐步上升的走势,而不是以往那种剧烈的价格飙升,这种渐进式的增长模式在长期来看更具吸引力。

04.波动性减弱的原因

我们可以用一个数据指标直观解释,为什么比特币波动性减弱,趋于稳定。

比特币 5+ Years HODL Wave 指标,显示了至少 5 年没有在链上移动的比特币百分比,有时也称为 5 年前最后活跃的比特币供应量。某种程度上,反映了市场中长期参与者的行为。

当然,也有可能这些比特币的一部分已经丢失,即用户不再能够访问包含比特币的钱包的私钥,不过这种比例较小。

周期

从图中可以看出,目前超过30%的比特币在过去五年内没有被转手,这一比例可能还会继续上升。

该现象导致市场上流通的比特币数量减少,其影响已超过减半事件带来的供应增量的减少。

这意味着,长期持有比特币的趋势正在显著上升,使得市场能够更好地抵御短期波动,同时也可能会削弱比特币的周期性波动,这是促成比特币波动性减弱的原因之一。

其他因素还可以归结于:比如,随着市场的成熟,越来越多的投资者选择长期持有比特币,减少了流通供应,降低了价格的剧烈波动。

此外,比特币的供需关系也在发生变化,资金的持续流入为价格提供了支撑。

再者,全球经济的不确定性、政策变化以及市场情绪等因素都会对比特币的价格产生影响。

在这种情况下,比特币的价格可能会与传统金融市场的走势更加相关,从而降低其独立波动性。

这些原因共同作用,使得比特币价格的波动性在当前周期中呈现出相对温和的特点。

05.总结

与历史周期相比,目前周期的价格回调幅度较小,市场结构相对稳健,比特币价格波动性减弱。

因此,在进行比特币交易时,单靠市场周期的分析是不够的。一方面,历史数据无法预测未来的走势。另一方面,加密市场也会逐渐走向市场规范化,迎来流动性增强和更大规模应用,这是金融发展的自然结果。

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