灰度8月报告:ETH跑输大盘,比特币今年有望重测历史前高

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-09-05Last updated on 2024-09-05

Abstract

投资者应密切关注9月6日发布的月度就业报告及劳动力市场数据。

原文来自 Grayscale Research

编译 | Odaily星球日报 Golem(@web3_golem

灰度8月报告:ETH跑输大盘,比特币今年有望重测历史前高

总结:

  • 2024 年 8 月,加密货币估值回落,与此同时,金融市场波动性出现短暂飙升。比特币跑赢整体加密市场,而以太坊跑输整体加密市场。

  • 美联储主席鲍威尔暗示降息即将到来,这可能会支持比特币以及其他与美元竞争的资产(例如实物黄金)。

  • 以太坊的扩容策略可能会让一些投资者对其长期前景产生不确定性,尽管其 L2 上的活动显著增加。

  • 8 月份,稳定币市值上升,一些关键协议也进行了升级,同时围绕数字隐私的讨论日益激烈。

8 月内市场大幅波动,美元疲软和利率下降会对比特币产生利好

2024 年 8 月,全球股市整体变化不大,但月内有大幅波动。在 8 月 2 日发布的就业报告弱于预期之后,许多风险资产价格下跌,股票波动性飙升,芝加哥期权交易所波动率 (VIX) 指数一度超过 65% 。不过,随后的经济数据并未显示出进一步的危险迹象,许多市场板块出现反弹,VIX 指数迅速回落至 20% 以下。

与此同时,劳动力市场状况走软的消息可能影响了美联储决策者的观点。美联储主席鲍威尔在 8 月 23 日杰克逊霍尔年度会议上的讲话中表示,“降息时机已到”,这在一定程度上反映了“就业下行风险加大”的事实。利率期货目前显示,央行将在今年剩余的三次联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)会议上将政策利率降低 100 个基点。

灰度8月报告:ETH跑输大盘,比特币今年有望重测历史前高

图 1 :预计 FOMC 将在未来三次会议上降息约 100 个基点

综上所述,短暂的波动和即将降息的信号在市场上留下了一些变化(见图 2)。处于风暴中心的一些策略的回报大幅下降(包括短期波动率策略和外汇套息交易),美元对主要货币走软,同时黄金价格上涨,而高质量债券和消费必需品类股票等防御性资产表现优异。比特币小幅下跌(-8.5% ),而以太坊下跌幅度较大(-21.8% ),是风险调整后表现不佳的资产之一(下文将进一步讨论)。

灰度8月报告:ETH跑输大盘,比特币今年有望重测历史前高

图 2 :以太坊在 8 月回调期间表现不佳

我们认为,如果美元疲软和利率下降持续下去,应该会对比特币产生利好。与实物黄金一样,比特币是一种在国际市场上与美元竞争的替代货币系统。美国利率下降会削弱美元的竞争优势,并可能使与美元竞争的资产受益,包括其他法定货币、实物黄金和比特币。在过去几年中,随着数字资产与主流金融市场的融合程度越来越高,比特币与实际利率水平和美元价值都呈负相关(图 3)。因此,那些担心美元疲软对其投资组合产生影响的人可能会考虑将资金配置到比特币上以实现多元化。

灰度8月报告:ETH跑输大盘,比特币今年有望重测历史前高

图 3 :比特币与美元价值呈负相关

对以太坊的悲观情绪短期无法转变

如上所述,以太坊在 8 月初出现显著下跌,且在月末未能出现显著反弹。我们认为,这在一定程度上反映了 CME 上市期货和永续期货的多头仓位。 2024 年 5 月,在美国证券交易委员会批准发行人提交的美国现货以太坊交易所交易产品 (ETP) 19 b-4 申请前后,交易员大幅增加了永续期货的总持仓和 CME 期货的净持仓,或许是因为判断以太坊在获得监管部门的全面批准后价格会进一步上涨;该批准于 2024 年 7 月获得,美国现货以太坊 ETP 随后不久开始交易。我们认为投机性持仓的过剩导致以太坊价格大幅回落,并限制了此后的价格回升。

更根本的是,以太坊网络正在经历重大转型,这可能会让一些投资者对其未来产生不确定性。如我们在之前的文章中探讨的那样,以太坊计划通过将更多交易转移到L2网络来实现更大的扩展,这些 Layer 2 网络将定期结算到 Layer 1 主网。

这个策略正在奏效:今年以太坊L2蓬勃发展(图 4),索尼等大公司已宣布在以太坊中建设项目。然而,这也导致第主网的费用收入降低,进一步又对 ETH 的价值产生潜在影响。此外,这种不确定性可能导致 7 月推出的现货以太坊 ETP 的净流入量相对较低。Grayscale Research 认为,以太坊的扩容策略正在发生有效作用,当前市场对以太坊的悲观情绪是没有根据的,但市场共识的转变可能需要一些时间。

灰度8月报告:ETH跑输大盘,比特币今年有望重测历史前高

图 4 :以太坊扩容策略正在发挥作用

货币加密板块和金融加密板块仍有亮点表现

FTSE/Grayscale 加密货币行业指数系列在 8 月份也有所下降,但跌幅小于以太坊(图 5)。尽管市场整体遭遇挫折,但仍有一些值得注意的亮点,尤其是在货币加密板块和金融加密板块。

灰度8月报告:ETH跑输大盘,比特币今年有望重测历史前高

图 5 :比特币的表现优于大多数加密货币领域

货币加密板块的隐私保护资产 ZCash (ZEC) 在 8 月中旬上涨了 29.5% ,然后在当月晚些时候回落。8 月初,ZCash 的创始人加入了 Shielded Labs,开发了一种“Crosslink”混合共识机制。从历史上看,这是一个工作量证明协议,这次升级将添加权益证明作为最终确定性层,旨在增强网络安全性并允许 ZEC 持有者进行质押。这一举措获得了大量支持,包括以太坊创始人 Vitalik Buterin 等人的捐款。 此外,第二次 ZEC 减半事件定于今年 11 月晚些时候举行,进一步激发了投资者的兴趣。

Aave 协议是金融加密板块的另一个亮点。该协议的每周活跃借款人数量创下历史新高,其治理代币 AAVE 上涨了 21% 。与此同时,Aave 社区提出的一项新提案将部署一种“buy and distribute”模式,利用 Aave 的超额收入从市场上购买 AAVE 代币并将其分发给质押者——类似于 Maker 协议使用的智能销毁引擎。该提案预计将于 2024 年底上线,但仍需社区批准。

稳定币市值在 8 月份再次上涨,目前正接近之前的历史最高水平(图 6)。重要的是,苹果的软件更新可能会为市场带来更多稳定币支付的采用。 Circle 首席执行官 Jeremy Allaire 表示,由于苹果决定向第三方开发商开放近场通信支付功能,Circle 的 USDC 稳定币即将在 iPhone 上实现“轻触支付”。此功能独立于 Apple Pay,不涉及 Circle 和 Apple 之间的直接关系,但它可以通过 FaceID 确认和区块链结算实现 USDC 交易。此外,拉美电商平台Mercado Libre宣布创建其自己的美元挂钩稳定币,而稳定币发行商 Tether 则表示将创建与阿联酋迪拉姆挂钩的代币

灰度8月报告:ETH跑输大盘,比特币今年有望重测历史前高

图 6 :稳定币市值上升

最后,在 Telegram 创始人 Pavel Durov 在法国被捕后,人们越来越关注区块链技术与数字隐私之间的潜在联系。法国当局表示,这些指控与“未能减少”加密消息应用程序在非法活动上的滥用”有关。TON 在消息传出后下跌了 20% 以上,随后几天略有回升。

展望:抛压结束、基本面改善,比特币有望新高

自第一季度以来,比特币的价格一直保持在相当窄的区间内,因为一方面虽然加密货币市场受益于积极的基本面消息,但另一方面也受到一些抛售压力的影响。Grayscale Research 认为,来自德国政府、Mt Gox 遗产等的抛售压力基本已经过去,基本面的改善影响应该会逐渐显现出来。如果美国劳动力市场保持稳定,美联储降息和围绕加密行业的美国政策变化可能会让比特币价格在今年晚些时候重新尝试突破前高。

们认为,加密估值的主要下行风险是失业率进一步上升和可能的经济衰退。因此,投资者应密切关注即将发布的劳动力市场数据,包括定于 9 月 6 日发布的下一个月度就业报告。然而,即使出现衰退风险,Grayscale Research 仍认为市场对深度经济衰退的容忍度很低,我们认为政策制定者有动机在出现经济问题的初期通过印钞和支出进行应对。货币和财政政策的这种不受约束的做法是一些投资者选择投资比特币的原因之一;因此,经济疲软的时期可能会进一步加强比特币的长期价值投资逻辑。

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