Solana 吹响「扩展」号角,Layer 2 的说法被弃用了?

深潮Published on 2024-09-04Last updated on 2024-09-04

Layer 2 最大的成功是消灭了以太坊杀手的竞争 Layer 1 叙事。

撰文:Haotian

最近, Solana 基金会也吹响了「网络扩展」的号角,有意思的事,其取缔了「layer2」的叫法,以 Network Extention 命名其网络扩展方案。不禁要问,以太坊 layer2 真的成了众矢之的了吗?按照 Solana 的意思,让通用 layer2 全面转型成 Specific-Purpose 链就能解 layer2 之困吗? 接下来,我来谈谈看法:

1)layer2 作为过去两年的最热门叙事,没有之一。按理说应该承接这一轮牛市的预期,成为 DeFi Summer 之外的以太坊又一夏,然而,现实惨淡的币价无法支撑起该预期,导致整个赛道正遭遇情绪反噬,唱衰情绪浓烈。

但撇开情绪裹挟,我一直认为 layer2 是相对成功的,成功之处表象看是 layer2 已经分流了一部分主网流量,让主网不再承受高 Gas 拥堵压力,这和 layer2 最初的目标愿景一致(虽然被诟病吸血、寄生云云....);

但本质上,我觉得 layer2 最大的成功是消灭了以太坊 Killer 的 Alt-layer1 叙事。至少到目前,以太坊依然是区块链世界比特币之外的不二选择,其他高性能 layer1、并行 EVM、模块化、链抽象都种种叙事都以预设以太坊为「中心」地位补充成立。撇开币价,这就是 Rollup-Centric 战略的成功之处。

2)layer2 也好, Network Extention 也好,都是基于主网的向外能力扩展。以太坊的 layer2 是构建了一个更密集计算、高低 Gas、更快交易速率的链下状态网络,主打「功能性」延展;Solana 的网络扩展则强调更 Specific 的特定问题解决方案,比如,包括新执行环境以及专业化处理能力在内的多种方案:State Compression 状态压缩,兼容 EVM 环境的 Neon ,大规模处理的 cNFT,隐私交易等等。

我不认为二者有何不同,非要说差异化可以勉强总结二点:

1、以太坊自身性能先天局限,而无奈“被动”寻求扩展,而 Solana 本身链就主打高性能,扩展其实是“主动”拥抱其他试图兼容的解决方案以扩大辐射战线。

2、以太坊 layer2 赛道基础 infra 已然很成熟,甚至已经到了 infra 发展远超前于应用市场,最近被诟病的 Blobs 空间未被充分利用就说明了此点。相比之下,Solana 的扩展方案还属于一片蓝海,最近 Solana 推类 OP Stack 商业堆叠范式 SOON,以及 Network Extention 的提出都是为了推进这一 B 端商业叙事繁荣。

归根结底,只是先来后到之分,不能厚此薄彼。毕竟如果你不认为以太坊的 layer2 战略成功,又该如何看待 Solana 正在极力复刻的以太坊商业佳话呢?

3)至于 General- Purpose 通用链和 Specific-Purpose 特定链的争议。听到一种说法称以太坊的通用链像吸血鬼一样从主网吸取流动性,而一些能弥补主网缺陷不足针对性更强的 Specefic 链才值得提倡。乍一听,很有道理,让人感觉,以太坊的「通用链」成了原罪,好像 layer2 战略路径走错了似的。

但事实上,以太坊最初的 layer2 解决方案包括: loopringorg、 StarkEX 、 DeGateDex 等等早期 layer2 系项目等都是 Specific 特定用例范畴。以太坊 layer2 从来都是 General 和 Specific 两条腿发展,此外还有 Validium、Plasma、Parallel 等多种 layer2 类别。

所以,问题不是通用链成了原罪,本质上还是 Specific 链也没得到有效的发展。

而且,Specific 链和 General 链并没有明显的界限,比如:Starknet 一开始可以被视为特定链,它的 Cario 编程语言,它的并行执行能力,它的 STARKs 算法密集型计算等等都是独树一帜的存在。

然而,后期进一步发展,Starknet 坐上四大天王的宝座后就不自觉成为期待中的通用链了。因此究竟是特定链还是通用链,完全是市场预期和应用场景落地问题,并不是区分 layer2 战略优劣的关键。

Related Reads

Warsh's First Day in Office, Markets Deliver a 'Wake-up Call': Rate Hike Expected This Year

On his first day in office, newly inaugurated Federal Reserve Chairman Warsh received a stark market warning, with expectations now fully pricing in a 25-basis-point interest rate hike this year. The shift was triggered by hawkish remarks from Fed Governor Waller, who stated that inflation is now the key policy "driver" and that the odds of a hike or cut are evenly split. This sent short-term Treasury yields higher. Waller signaled a significant pivot in his stance, citing disappointing inflation and labor data. He suggested removing "easing bias" language from Fed statements and did not rule out future rate increases if inflation fails to recede, though he noted immediate action isn't warranted without signs of unanchored inflation expectations. Chairman Warsh faces immediate pressure at his first FOMC meeting in June. With the preferred inflation gauge at a three-year high, analysts warn that failing to hike could be interpreted as an implicit easing of policy. The geopolitical situation in the Middle East is adding to existing price pressures. The market's expectation for a hike contrasts sharply with earlier forecasts for multiple cuts. While long-term Treasury yields have been contained by lower energy prices recently, analysts note they remain under structural upward pressure. Warsh's swearing-in at the White House highlights political scrutiny over Fed independence. However, the market has made it clear that inflation is the most urgent challenge, leaving the new chairman little time to settle in.

marsbit4h ago

Warsh's First Day in Office, Markets Deliver a 'Wake-up Call': Rate Hike Expected This Year

marsbit4h ago

Has Microsoft Lost Its Way in the AI Race, and Can Copilot Bring It Back on Track?

Microsoft, once seen as an early AI frontrunner due to its investment in OpenAI, is navigating a strategic shift amid increased competition. Its initial reliance on OpenAI’s GPT models has been complicated by OpenAI’s growing ambitions as a direct competitor, rapid advancements from rivals like Claude and Gemini, and the disruptive rise of AI agents, which challenge its traditional SaaS business model. These factors contributed to stock declines and slower-than-expected adoption of its flagship Copilot products. In response, CEO Satya Nadella has taken a hands-on role in product development, signaling the urgency of change. Microsoft is pivoting from a model-centric strategy to a "model-agnostic" enterprise platform approach. It aims to become the foundational layer connecting various AI models—from OpenAI, Anthropic, or its own new "Superintelligence" team—with enterprise workflows, data, security, and cloud services. Recent organizational changes merged consumer and enterprise Copilot teams to accelerate innovation, exemplified by new products like Copilot Tasks and Copilot Cowork. However, this transformation comes at a high cost. Microsoft faces massive capital expenditures, potentially reaching ~$190 billion by 2026, to support AI infrastructure. While its platform strategy shows early signs of traction with growing Azure AI revenue, it must balance startup-like agility with the reliability expected by enterprise clients. The core challenge is no longer being the sole AI winner but defending its position as the essential enterprise software entry point amidst rapid technological commoditization and the shift towards always-on AI agents.

marsbit5h ago

Has Microsoft Lost Its Way in the AI Race, and Can Copilot Bring It Back on Track?

marsbit5h ago

Why Haven't Forex Stablecoins Taken Off?

Why FX Stablecoins Never Took Off: A Path Forward via Synthetic FX Despite the explosive growth of stablecoin-powered digital banking, which has seen ~$6B in VC investment and a 24x surge in crypto card spending in under a year, a major limitation persists: these banks are essentially dollar-only accounts. This leaves 95-99% of global accounts, which are denominated in non-USD currencies, underserved. Attempts to create native foreign currency (FX) stablecoins (like EURC) have largely failed, with total FX stablecoin TVL at ~$600M compared to $400B for USD stablecoins—a 700x gap. These FX tokens face critical challenges: fragile pegs due to low liquidity, limited exchange/FinTech acceptance, poor on/off-ramps, complex regional compliance, and a chicken-and-egg adoption problem. The article argues that the solution lies not in competing with entrenched USD stablecoin networks (USDT/USDC), but in adopting a synthetic FX model inspired by traditional finance. Specifically, it advocates for Mark-to-Market Non-Deliverable Forwards (NDFs)—cash-settled FX derivatives that allow users to maintain underlying USD stablecoin holdings while having their account balance and P&L denominated in a foreign currency. This approach offers key advantages: strong oracle-based pegs, retention of deep USD stablecoin liquidity and yield, superior on/off-ramps, scalability to any currency with a reliable feed, and capital efficiency. It mirrors how modern institutional FX markets operate. Primary use cases for on-chain NDFs include: 1. **Digital Banks/Wallets:** Enabling multi-currency accounts for international users without leaving the USD stablecoin ecosystem, boosting deposits and retention. 2. **FX Carry Trade Vaults:** Offering access to sovereign interest rate differentials (e.g., earning yield on BRL) in a more stable and scalable format than crypto-native products like Ethena. 3. **Global Enterprise Payments:** Allowing merchants to receive payments in local currency equivalents while settling in USD stablecoins, similar to services offered by Stripe for fiat. The conclusion is that synthetic FX, not native FX stablecoins, is the viable path to integrating foreign exchange into the growing stablecoin digital banking landscape, potentially unlocking the next phase of institutional DeFi and multi-trillion-dollar global adoption.

链捕手5h ago

Why Haven't Forex Stablecoins Taken Off?

链捕手5h ago

Trading

Spot
Futures

Hot Articles

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of SOL (SOL) are presented below.

活动图片