NFT被视为证券?美SEC新动作再惹众怒

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-08-29Last updated on 2024-08-29

Abstract

这不是 SEC 第一次拿 NFT 项目开刀。

原文作者:比推 BitpushNews Mary Liu

当地时间 8 月 28 日,OpenSea 披露其收到了来自美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 的威尔斯(Wells)通知,这意味着这家头部 NFT 公司可能会因违反证券法而被起诉。

NFT 市场上拥有数以万计的收藏品,从独立艺术家创作的链上艺术品到数字和“实体”收藏品,以及诸如 CryptoPunks 和 Bored Ape Yacht Club 等 PFP 项目,这些项目在过去几年中积累了巨额估值。

如果 OpenSea 被起诉,这不是 SEC 第一次拿 NFT 项目开刀。去年 9 月,由 Mila Kunis 等众多好莱坞明星配音的 NFT 动画系列作品 Stoner Cats 以 100 万美元与监管机构达成和解,SEC 指控制作实体 Stoner Cats 2 LLC 进行了未经注册的加密资产证券发行。

NFT被视为证券?美SEC新动作再惹众怒

但对 OpenSea 的潜在诉讼标志着对该类中心化市场的更大范围的打击。

OpenSea 首席执行官 Devin Finzer 对此回应称,为了“确保创作者能够无所畏惧地继续创新”,该公司承诺提供 500 万美元,为可能收到美 SEC 威尔斯通知的 NFT 艺术家和开发者支付法律费用。

加密社区反应激烈,多位行业人物公开发声支持 OpenSea。

Winklevoss Capital Management 和 Gemini 交易所创始人 Tyler Winklevoss 表示:

「SEC 现在正试图声称 NFT 是证券。下一步是什么?棒球卡?漫画书?Gary Gensler 针对加密货币的恶意和非美国战争正在扩大。数字 web3 创作者和艺术家现在成为众矢之的」。

NFT被视为证券?美SEC新动作再惹众怒

贸易组织 Crypto Council 首席执行官 Sheila Warren 发文:

「最新一轮的监管执法是由“反加密货币大军”GG 发起的,我们支持 opensea 和世界各地的创造者,并赞扬@dfinzer 感谢他的领导」。

(注:GG = Gary Gensler;领导一支「反加密货币大军」是 Gensler 盟友、马萨诸塞州民主党参议员 Elizabeth Warren 的政治野心)

NFT被视为证券?美SEC新动作再惹众怒

Variant Fund CLO Jake Chervinsky 认为,NFT 不应该受到几十年前制定的法律(《证券法》于 1933 年通过)的约束:

「SEC 已经完全失去了主见。一个成立于 20 世纪 30 年代的金融市场监管机构将在 2020 年代对数字艺术拥有管辖权,这一想法不仅违背了常识,也违背了 SEC 的法定权力。感谢 Opensea 为正义而战」。

NFT被视为证券?美SEC新动作再惹众怒

自称「加密货币推特巨魔」的 Gwart 讨论了 SEC 打击 NFT 后的更广泛影响:

「如果 Opensea 是证券交易所,那么 Etsy 也是,所有以 800 美元价格出售的、雕刻着『生活、欢笑、爱』的木制艺术品的卖家也应该被关进监狱,如果希望保持一致性的话」。

NFT被视为证券?美SEC新动作再惹众怒

Bankless 联合创始人 Ryan Sean Adams 怒发小作文:

「SEC 现正计划以 NFT 是证券为由起诉 OpenSea,显然 Gary Gensler 确实认为代币化的口袋妖怪卡是证券。OpenSea 现在是今年 SEC 打击的第六个美国加密公司成功案例——他们现在正在打击美国加密行业中的 FANNG:Metamask、OpenSea、Coinbase、Kraken、Uniswap、Robinhood(简称 MOCKUR),Gensler 正在摧毁您拥有加密货币的宪法权利。在攻击我们最健康、最合法的公司时,他们实际上攻击的是普通美国公民。这一切都发生在拜登政府的领导下,白宫的派系正在策划这一切,他们想在美国扼杀加密货币。

拜登政府(我们应该称之为哈里斯政府吗?)在选举前不到 90 天这样做的大胆程度怎么强调都不为过,如果他们在大选前起诉第六家加密货币公司,那么他们计划在选举后对加密货币做些什么?卡马拉·哈里斯对加密货币只字未提。

不,她不仅仅是副总统——在总统大选临近之际,她的竞选活动具有巨大的影响力。如果他们愿意,他们可以阻止 Gensler。所以在这一点上,我们必须假设她默许了这种情况发生。如果她获胜,这意味着她将继续试图扼杀美国加密货币的生命,够了,我进入加密货币领域是因为我相信它是我这一代最伟大的自由技术,看到我的祖国在过去几年里有条不紊地试图扼杀它,这是我成年后最深的失望之一。

我们今年一直在努力战斗。我们现在不能松懈,加密货币会没事的——我担心的是美国的未来」。

VC Adam Cochrane:

「这无疑是 Gensler 最愚蠢的孤注一掷之一,也是他必须在任何新政府领导下下台的另一个原因。很明显 NFT 是艺术,你能把艺术品作为证券出售吗?Masterworks 可以。OpenSea 能这样做吗?不能。

而且,一旦它们的受欢迎程度、投资和收入下降,SEC 也会瞄准它们,希望像消灭牛群后面受伤的野兽一样消灭它们。如果 SEC 担心 NFT 是 OpenSea 上的证券,那么当名人在脱口秀节目中摆出 Bored Ape 头像时,就应该解决这个问题以『保护用户』,而不是现在。但如果 Gary 继续这样做,他又会在法庭上被打得屁滚尿流,因为这是他迄今为止最薄弱的论点」。

NFT被视为证券?美SEC新动作再惹众怒

前 CFTC 委员 Brian Quintenz ( 现就职于 a16z):

「当前 SEC 对加密货币行业的讨伐仍在继续。这与哈里斯副总统两周前宣布其经济议程时所说的话形成了鲜明对比。

尽管美国两党都大力支持明确的加密监管规则,且众议院和参议院都明确谴责了 SEC 对 SAB 121 的做法,但 SEC 针对该行业的法律战策略并未减少。

多名民主党国会议员多次表示,对加密货币采取深思熟虑的立法方式远比对新兴行业进行武断和反复无常的法律攻击要好得多。

哈里斯副总统不仅需要谴责 SEC 的做法,还需要制定一份详细计划,说明她未来的政府将如何支持这项创新,同时提供客户保护。现在比以往任何时候都更需要她澄清她在这方面的战略。」

比特币 Holder Jameson Lopp 认为,如果 SEC 的意图是保护投资者,那么已经晚了好几年。

支持多个 NFT 项目的 Dapper Labs 首席执行官 Roham Gharegozlou 表示:

「非金融性质的 NFT 显然不是证券,我们接触的大多数立法者都明白这一点——我们正在努力通过即将在国会提出的立法为 NFT 提供法律明确性,并支持 OpenSea 的斗争」。

Anthony Scaramucci 表示,Gensler 正在破坏民主党最近在加密货币社区结盟的努力,他对 SEC 主席的做法表示质疑:「Gensler 希望哈里斯输掉选举(?)」

一些国会议员和学者也对 SEC 的做法表示反对。

民主党众议员 Wiley Nickel (D-NC) 称 SEC 为「高压执法方式」,批评了 SEC「过度使用‘执法监管’」,称其「公然滥用权力,侵蚀了监管体系的信任和透明度」。

Wiley Nickel 指责该监管机构威胁「破坏美国数字创新的进程」,并呼吁 SEC 与国会合作,制定管理数字资产和 Web3 技术的「明确、公平的法规」。

肯塔基大学专门研究 NFT 和证券法的法学教授 Brian Frye 在接受彭博社采访时表示:「NFT 市场与艺术品市场完全相同,后者早在 SEC 成立之前就已存在,而且 SEC 从未对其进行监管。如果 SEC 认为艺术品市场是证券市场,它应该这么说,并尝试对其进行监管。如果不是,它应该允许 OpenSea 继续发展。」

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