新奖励计划能否为PYUSD扭转局面

marsbitPublished on 2024-08-22Last updated on 2024-08-22

2023 年 8 月, PayPal凭借其美元支持的PYUSD加入稳定币大战,加密行业庆祝 TradFi 公司进入由加密原生公司TetherCircle主导的竞争舞台。但推出一年后,PYUSD 仍落后于竞争对手,市值不到 10 亿美元,与 Tether 的 1170 亿美元相比相形见绌。

为了提高采用率,PayPal 正在与Anchorage Digital(唯一一家拥有联邦银行特许的美国加密货币公司)合作,向在其美国银行、新加坡子公司或通过其非托管钱包Porto持有 PYUSD 的 Anchorage Digital 合格投资者用户群提供奖励。

但该计划的推出也引发了人们对稳定币利息支付监管不确定性的质疑,因为这一不断增长的资产类别仍然是美国不同机构之间争论的焦点,而国会在通过立法方面也拖拖拉拉。

Anchorage Digital 坚称 PYUSD 和奖励计划不构成证券发行,也不属于银行监管机构的管辖范围。不过,该产品正在开拓新领域。佐治亚州立大学银行和行政法教授托德·菲利普斯 (Todd Phillips) 在接受《财富》杂志采访时表示:“这是银行首次参与加密货币奖励减息生态系统,这真的很新颖。”

细则

虽然稳定币可以与任何基础资产挂钩,例如欧元或贵金属,但在过去几年中,像 Tether 和 USDC 这样的美元支持产品才大受欢迎。Tether 成功地瞄准了希望持有与美元挂钩资产的美国以外的投资者,而 USDC 发行商 Circle 则专注于希望使用稳定货币进行交易的加密应用用户。

在当前利率不断上涨的时代,支持稳定币的资产(通常是美国国债和类似工具)为其发行人带来了巨额利润,但这些利润大部分并未转嫁给持有人。部分原因是稳定币缺乏明确的监管规则,这使得美国公司对提供利息支付持谨慎态度。一些有收益的稳定币项目(如Mountain Protocol)明确在美国境外运营,尽管它们提供美元支持的产品。

稳定币的监管地位仍然不明朗。尽管美国证券交易委员会认为某些稳定币(包括TerraUSD和币安的 BUSD)属于证券,但联邦法院并不总是同意这一结论。7 月,美国证券交易委员会放弃了对 BUSD 发行商 Paxos 的调查,后者也发行了 PYUSD。

甚至在美国证券交易委员会遭遇法律挫折之前,Coinbase就已大胆采取行动,为 USDC 提供奖励,包括向零售客户提供奖励,尽管它在自己的会计中将该计划标记为营销费用。

在接受《财富》采访时, Anchorage Digital 联合创始人兼首席执行官 Nathan McCauley 表示,PYUSD 的回报将明确来自于基础资产的收益率,而不是营销费用。

那么,为什么它不受美国证券交易委员会的监管呢?更重要的是,它与银行的储蓄账户有何不同?

Anchorage Digital 辩称其奖励计划不构成证券发行。不过,由于其产品(例如银行托管和非托管钱包)仅供机构投资者使用,McCauley 表示,如果 SEC 反对,Anchorage Digital 将坚持认为其符合一种豁免规定(即 Reg D),该规定允许公司向合格投资者出售证券,而无需向 SEC 注册。

银行业务问题则更为复杂。虽然安克雷奇数字银行的客户如果托管 PYUSD,将有资格享受奖励计划,但从法律上讲,奖励计划并非来自银行。相反,奖励将由位于开曼群岛的一家名为 Anchorage Digital Neo 的实体支付。在法律细则中,母公司辩称,这意味着该计划“不受开曼群岛或任何其他司法管辖区的监管”。

这是美国加密行业惯用的混淆视听的伎俩,该行业仍然缺乏护栏,但仍在与监管机构不断突破界限。虽然许多公司都在争取立法,但 PYUSD 奖励仍将在没有类似银行产品(如 FDIC 保险)的传统保护的情况下运作。

“这就像一个半受监管的银行账户,”菲利普斯说。“这比在 Coinbase 上持有加密货币要好一点,但也好不了多少。”

PayPal 继续使其产品多样化,其中包括结账工具 Fastlane,这推动了PayPal 股价近期上涨。

麦考利认为,新计划将帮助那些希望持有 PYUSD 但仍想利用有利利率环境的机构投资者。他告诉《财富》杂志: “最终目标是提高稳定币的采用率。”

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