一文解读 Solana 流动性质押发展现状:前三大 LST 协议坐拥 72% 市场,Jito 攻势迅猛数据亮眼

链捕手Published on 2024-07-30Last updated on 2024-07-30

作者:Nancy,PANews

 

流动性质押是以太坊的流行议题,也一度呈现出垄断寡头垄断格局。然而,近期 Solana 流动性质押赛道的进攻势头正劲,特别是 Jito 上演了反超戏码。本文 PANews 从数据角度解析了 Solana 在流动性质押赛道的发展现状(本文数据均截取至 7 月 30 日)。

流动性质押成 TVL 增长主力,前三大 LST 代币市值占比超 72%

近来 Solana 因多项数据新高备受关注,除了 MEME 热潮外,流动性质押也正成为其强大叙事。DeFiLlama 数据显示,过去一个月,Solana 的 TVL 从 48.4 亿美元跃升至 54.5 亿美元,增幅超 12.6%。其中,前三名为 Jito、Marinade 和 Kamino 为主要贡献者,这些协议均来自流动性质押赛道。

当前,Solana 流动性质押代币的市场格局已然出现转变。Dune 数据显示,早期发展阶段,其市场主要以 Marinade 的 mSOL 、Lido 的 stSOL 以及 Sanctum 的 scnSOL 为主。如今,Solana 的流动性质押赛道已拥有 27 个相关协议,前三名的 Jito、Marinade 和 Jupiter 为「流量担当」,共拥有近 72.1% 的市场份额。

其中,Jito 的 LST 代币 jitoSOL 市值高达 22 亿美元,占整体的 46%,排名首位。官网显示,jitoSOL 的 APR 达 7.68%,质押者数超 10.5 万个,验证者数为 218 个。

Jito 的其他数据表现也较为亮眼。DeFiLlama 数据显示,Jito 的 TVL 超 21.7 亿美元,近 30 天增幅超 36.6%,是 Solana 上唯一总锁仓量突破 20 亿美元的协议。从费用收入表现来看,Jito 的交易费用达 3212 万美元,收入达 1280 万美元,均仅次于 Raydium 排名第二;而 Jito 的日费用收入还一度超越 Lido 排名第一,在所有协议中排第三,超过 Uniswap、以太坊等。Artemis 数据显示,从交易活跃程度来看,Jito 的总交易笔数超 5478 万笔,位列所有 Solana DeFi 协议第四,但 Jito 的日活跃地址仅为 1347 个,与 Solana 整体 240 万个的日活跃地址数相差甚远。

在过去数月,Jito 也是市场动作频频,包括 Jito 基金会宣布推出新的基础设施平台 Jito Restaking,支持混合质押、再质押和 LRT 模块和主动验证服务 (AVS) 等;Jito DAO 新提案计划将 750 万枚 JTO 代币用于流动性挖矿,这些预算占 DAO JTO 金库中持有的 2.4 亿枚 JTO 的 3.1%,占 JTO 总供应量的 0.75% 等;

紧随其后的 Marinade 的 LST 代币 mSOL 市值则超 8 亿美元,市占率达 17.2%。官网数据显示,mSOL 的 APR 为 7.33%,质押者数量超 14.7 万个。同时,DeFiLlama 数据显示,Marinade 的 TVL 达 14.5 亿美元,近一个月上涨了约 26.2%。Artemis 数据显示,Marinade 的总交易笔数超 254.4 万笔,费用为 32.9 万美元,日活跃地址数为 12573 个。在过去几个月,Marinade 多举措提升其代币流动性,包括 Marinade DAO 提议向 Marinade Earn Season 3 分配 5000 万枚 MNDE,来使 mSOL 池和其他 SOL LST 获利更高,从而加深 DeFi 中的 mSOL 流动性、Marinade 推出股权拍卖市场来提高收益率并促进 Solana 去中心化、Marinade 通过「向三家做市商提供 2600 万枚 MNDE 代币预算」的提案来增加 CEX 上的 MNDE 流动性等。

而 Jupiter 的 jupSOL 是于今年 4 月推出,以近 4.5 亿美元市值获得 9.39% 的市占率。该 LST 代币允许从 Jupiter 验证者赚取质押收益和 100% 的 MEV 回扣,且 Jupiter 团队还委托的 10 万枚 SOL 来提供高额收益。DeFiLlama 数据显示,Jupiter 的 TVL 达 5 亿美元,过去 1 个月涨幅达 40.4%。Artemis 数据显示,Jupiter 的日活跃用户数高达 19.5 万个,总交易笔数超 1.1 亿笔,均位列 DeFi 协议首位,Gas 收入则为 738 万美元。

以太坊瓜分超八成质押市场份额,Soalna 市场格局更趋多样化

从以往以太坊的发展历程来看,质押是开启链上经济的重要动力之一。从多项数据来看,当前以太坊在流动性质押规模和生态丰富程度上较 Soalna 具备更强领先优势,但 Solana 因相关基础设施的日渐完善以及更灵活且较低的参与门槛正呈现出较大的增长潜力。且两者均呈现出显著的头部效应。

作为流动性质押赛道的基础,首先从流动性质押 TVL 来看,DeFiLlama 数据显示,目前全网流动性质押 TVL 超 528.1 亿美元,其中以太坊以 447.8 亿美元占据近 84.8% 的市场份额,Solana 以 45.1 亿美元紧随其后,占比仅为 8.5%。从增长速度来看,今年年初至今,以太坊的增速为 55.1%,相比之下 Solana 显著增长了近 159.2%。

 

同时,从流动性质押代币数量来看,Solana 的 LST 代币约为 27 个,以太坊则超 80 个。其中,Dune 数据显示,Solana 上排名前三的 LST 代币市占率共达 72.6%,前五则为 86.4%;而以太坊 Top3 的 LST 代币占比达 80.9%,其中仅 STETH 就占据整体市场的 73%。由此来看,虽然以太坊和 Solana 均呈现出较为明显的头部效应,但后者却相对更加多元化些。

LST 质押数量和质押率也是反映市场增长的重要指标。其中,Solana 今年 LST 质押数量从最初的 12.6 万个增长至如今的 80.7 万个,即总量翻了超 6.4 倍;而据 Dune 数据显示,当前代币 SOL 的质押数量超 3.9 亿枚,当前价值超 728.5 亿美元,质押率超 68.1%。ETH 的质押数量超 3388.1 万枚,当前价值超 1128.9 亿美元,且质押率近 28.3%,这背后或与 Solana 相比更低的质押门槛有着一定关系;虽然 Solana 拥有较高的质押率,但从流动性质押率表现来看,Solana 仅为 6.7%,反观以太坊则高达 32.7%

总的来说,Solana 的流动性质押生态迎来了不错的发展,但主要依靠头部项目,且与以太坊仍存在着明显差距,未来只有更多创新产品和更有竞争力的收益等才能吸引更多用户参与。

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