数读zkSync现状:空投效应失效,利润大幅缩水,生态建设不佳

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-06-12Last updated on 2024-06-12

Abstract

虽然zkSync的市场规模仍处于领先优势,但其用户参与意愿正在减少,且利润捕获力也正大幅降低。

原文作者:Nancy,PANews

近期,关于 zkSync 发币在即的消息以及空投规则预测引起市场讨论。本文 PANews 回顾 zkSync 今年数据后发现,虽然 zkSync 的市场规模仍处于领先优势,但其用户参与意愿正在减少,且利润捕获力也正大幅降低,而这背后与其持续数年的空投 PUA、生态项目质量拉胯以及对用户权益忽视有着重要关系。

高 TVL 生态项目少且类型单一,链上利润依靠 Gas 收入但已大幅缩水

发展至今,据L2 BEAT 数据显示,截至 5 月 6 日,zkSync Era 的总锁仓量近 8.5 亿美元,较年初上涨了约 44.1% ,在L2项目中排名第八。

数读zkSync现状:空投效应失效,利润大幅缩水,生态建设不佳

但拥有高 TVL 的 zkSync 生态项目却较为单一且数量较少。zkSync 官网显示,截至 5 月 6 日,虽然其生态项目已达 243 个,覆盖 DeFi、游戏、交易市场、NFT、Social、钱包和 DEX 等,但 DeFiLlama 的数据也显示,仅有 4 个 zkSync 项目的 TVL 过千万美元,并占据整体锁仓量的近 66% 。同时,TVL Top 10 项目中,主要来自 DEX 和借贷赛道。其生态困境也在很大程度上影响着用户的参与程度。

从用户数和资金规模来看,zkSync Era 在今年实现了不错的增长。Dune 数据显示,截至 5 月 6 日,zkSync Era 用户数已接近 313 万,较今年年初增长了 16.3% ;ETH 总量桥接超 322 万枚,较年初增长了 38.8% 。但当前用户平均桥接的 ETH 数量仅为 1.37 枚,有超八成的用户的桥接数量低于 1 ETH,仅 1.3% 的地址余额超过 10 ETH。由此来看,虽然 zkSync 的空投预期仍具有一定吸引力,但用户更倾向于低成本投入。

大量撸毛党的参与也为 zkSync Era 带来巨大的收益。Dune 最新数据显示,截至 5 月 1 日,在除去将数据发布至L1的成本和L1上验证证明的成本后,zkSync Era 在过去四个月因 Gas 所产生的利润约为 1848 枚 ETH,占据 Rollup 链总利润的 10.3% ,但与 Base、Arbitrum 和 Scroll 等仍有着明显差距,且月利润已呈现出大幅下降的态势。

数读zkSync现状:空投效应失效,利润大幅缩水,生态建设不佳

zkSync Era 的链上利润 数据来源:Dune@niftytable

其中,自今年年初以来,zkSync Era 共获得了 7678 枚 ETH 的交易费用,仅占整体的近 17.3% 。且从每个月交易费用变化来看,呈现出逐月连续下降趋势,其中 4 月所捕获的费用较 1 月下滑约 88.9% ;每个月发送至L1的所需成本下降了近 96.2% ,表现仍优于 Arbitrum、OP Mainnet、Base、Starknet 和 Linea 等竞品;L1上验证证明成本则在今年达到 1541 枚 ETH,占整体的 49.7% 。也就是说,zkSync Era 的链上利润主要来自 Gas 收入,但已出现大幅缩水现象。

数读zkSync现状:空投效应失效,利润大幅缩水,生态建设不佳

L2月交易费用变化 数据来源:Dune@niftytable

对此,zkSync 官方对 PANews 回应称,交易费用的下降与其技术进步有关,zkSync 的交易成本已较此前降低了 10 至 20 倍。

密集 Rug 下用户权益被忽视,社区控诉官方不作为

用户权益的无法被保障对以及官方的不作为正使 zkSync 失去社区信任。

尽管加密黑暗森林中链上事故和 Rug 事件不在少数,但 zkSync 生态项目以及官方对用户权益的漠不关心正成为其市场规模难以扩大的重要原因之一。

例如,此前 Zksync 借贷协议 Eralend 因闪电贷攻击造成总损失约 340 万美元,不仅未能追回被盗资金,也并未对用户做出相应赔偿,而 Zksync 也只是在该项目被出售给中国团队后在中文社区做了风险提示;zkSync 生态借贷平台 xBank Finance 在因黑客攻击造成 55 万美元损失后流动性接近归零后,虽然表示正在联系攻击者以通过白帽赏金形式来收回用户资金,也同样对用户的补偿问题只字不提;去中心化娱乐平台 ZKasino 则在将逾 1 万枚 ETH 用户质押存款强制兑换成平台币后被质疑软 Rug,事后官方却并未对规则私自修改以及资金去向做出任何回应,还将这笔资金进行分批转移,目前荷兰财政调查局逮捕涉嫌 ZKasino 诈骗案嫌疑人并扣押其 1100 万欧元资产。但 ZKasino 也被以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin“打假”,称该项目并未运用任何 ZK 技术,仅仅是托管在 zkSync 平台上。

而面对用户利益遭受重创,zkSync 官方从未做出相关有力的改善措施,也体现出其对生态的管理不善,过低的作恶成本成为其乱象丛生的重要原因之一。

对此,有不少社区成员不满地表示,zkSync 团队并未担起生态建设重任,包括去扶持一些优质项目,而是任由各类 Rug 项目横行。尽管官方一再强调社区的重要性,但却对于项目作恶以及用户权益却视而不见,相比社区,zkSync 更关心 Gas 收入。

由此来看,在市场L2密集上线的当下,随着空投效应日渐失效,若 zkSync 不重视生态建设和用户利益将面临更大挑战。

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