比特币2024展望:BTC下轮牛市会有何与众不同

MarsBitPublished on 2023-12-20Last updated on 2023-12-20

Abstract

Taproot升级推动了比特币的爆火,比特币拥有7项技术升级,包括BitVM、Taproot Assets等,将进一步主导区块链行业的发展。比特币减半、ETF获批、美联储降息将推动加密牛市,千禧一代拥抱加密货币,Taproot升级推动比特币生态应用发展,未来20年内加密市场每天增加2000-2800万美元的购买力。

摘要
比特币铭文爆火背后主要是依托Taproot升级带来的客观技术条件支持,而比特币将另有七项值得关注的技术升级或BIP。
比特币生态发展中侧链和Layer2大概率会成为最终主要的发展方向之一;另外,借鉴以太坊成熟方案,DeFi等应用生态有望快速落地。
比特币减半、比特币ETF获批、美联储降息大概率将成为牛市发动机,而千禧一代则一边继承财富,一边拥抱加密世界。

牛市


比特币技术发展进入加速阶段
近期持续爆火的铭文,引发市场普遍关注,与此同时各主要公链也开始Fomo跟风,而支撑铭文爆火的关键则在于Taproot升级。除了Taproot升级,比特币的BIP中还有多项值得关注的地方,很多项有关比特币的重要技术也获得快速推进,本文认为这有望进一步主导整个区块链行业的发展。本文将重点介绍 2023 年第四季度比特币的七项主要发展和建议。注:Taproot升级是即隔离见证 segwit 之后比特币扩容的最新阶段,其主要包含 3 个技术概念 —— P2SH、MAST 和 Schnorr ,其结果让复杂的交易如多签名交易、时间锁交易看起来如同普通的比特币交易。
1. BitVM 支持比特币上的表达智能合约。考虑到比特币设计的性质,直接在比特币上执行智能合约既缓慢又昂贵。BitVM 的运行方式类似于以太坊生态系统中的Optimism,包含欺诈证明和挑战响应协议等元素。
2.Taproot Assets 主网上线: Taproot Assets 于 2023 年 10 月 18 日正式发布,其是通过将任意数据输入到 Taproot 脚本 (Tapscript)中创建的。比特币上的山寨币有机会在闪电网络上蓬勃发展。Taproot Assets(正式名称为 TARO)使开发者能够发行、发送和接收基于比特币的资产。
3.OP_CAT 提案:比特币研究员 Ethan Heilman 提交了比特币改进提案 (BIP) )到 Bitcoin-Dev 邮件列表,建议将 OP_CAT 操作码添加到比特币的脚本语言中。该操作码将使开发人员能够在 Tapscript 中构建和评估 Merkle 树和其他哈希数据结构,Tapscript 是原生脚本语言,用于在 Taproot 升级中启用新交易类型。启用 OP_CAT 将消除之前施加的限制,从而进一步增强比特币的可编程性,从而为不同的用例创造新的机会。
4.OP_TXHASH 提案草案:比特币核心开发人员 Steven Roose 提出了一个 BIP,重点关注为比特币脚本语言实施两个新操作码 OP_TXHASH 和 OP_CHECKTXHASHVERIFY 的好处。 OP_TXHASH 操作码将直接与当今比特币的两个主要契约提案 BIP-118 和 BIP-119 竞争。契约是对比特币施加的预先确定的支出条件比特币交易。例如,用户可以创建一个契约,以确保交易接收者只能在 200 个区块后花费发送到其地址的 BTC。
5.Lightning Timeout Trees :闪电网络是比特币的主要第 2 层,其进一步采用的一个关键障碍在于,用户在使用闪电网络时需要启动至少一项链上比特币交易,才能将资金转移到链外。这限制了可以将资产迁移到链下的用户数量,特别是在链上交易费用较高的情况下。长期探索的解决方案是一个称为“通道工厂”的概念,它允许多个用户在一次比特币交易中加入闪电网络。John Law 的“超时树”提案可能找到了使用契约(即 BTC 交易输出的支出条件)的解决方案。该提案引入了协调员(或闪电服务提供商 – LSP)的概念,该协调员将监督用户通道的打开和关闭。通过使用契约,协调员将被限制在未经适当授权的情况下花费用户的 BTC。它是第一个利用契约的通道工厂架构,契约是一种在 BTC 上添加支出条件的强大机制。
6.更新的 Musig 2 提案: MuSig 2 是 MuSig 1 的升级版本,MuSig 1 是一种比特币多重签名方案,可实现隐私性和可扩展性。MuSig 2 (BIP-327) 是 MuSig 1 的改进迭代,通过作为两轮多重签名方案运行,提供卓越的安全性、效率和隐私功能,只需签名者之间的两轮通信即可生成有效签名,而不是三轮。 10 月,Bitcoin Core 开发者 Andrew Chow 提出了两个专注于 MuSig 2 开发的新 BIP。提议的 BIP 是 MuSig 2-PSBT 和 MuSig 2- 描述符。
7.BIP-324 – V2 传输:BIP-324 是对比特币 P2P 层的面向隐私的改进。比特币上的这一层促进了比特币节点之间的数据传输,比特币 P2P 层充当数据的高速公路。最新版本的比特币核心 (v 0.26) 添加了对 BIP-324 中指定的版本 2 加密 P2P 传输的支持。该功能默认处于禁用状态,但允许任何人打开它并从附加保护中受益。这是比特币 P2P 级别的隐私迈出的重要一步。

牛市


比特币生态发展或将进入爆发阶段
Ordinals协议热火带来的铭文热潮,使我们有理由相信未来比特币的生态发展。伴随未来比特币技术发展,相应的生态建设势必也将逐渐展开,其中侧链和Layer2更为值得关注。除此之外,一些在以太坊上运营成熟的项目或将在比特币生态中快速迁移。本文就潜在的应用赛道和生态项目进行整理,仅供参考。
比特币侧链或 Layer 2 等基础设施:Stacks、BEVM、MintlayerSpiralLiquid Network、FediRootstockInterlay 、Babylon、Botanix、Bison Labs、Alpen Labs、Ark等。其中最为重要的有:
Stacks:比特币 L2 协议,通过自动执行智能合约改进比特币的功能,无需比特币分叉。此外,Stacks 在不改变比特币任何功能的情况下,为比特币带来了 DApp 和智能合约功能。
BEVM:一个以 BTC 为 gas 且兼容 EVM 的去中心化 BTC L2,其核心目标是拓展比特币的智能合约场景,使 BTC 可以在 EVM 生态上构建以 BTC 为原生 GAS 的去中心化应用。
RGB:RGB 是建立在比特币区块链上的智能合约层和链下协议,允许铸造和发行基于比特币的数字资产。借助 RGB,用户将能够发行稳定币、代币、不可替代代币 (NFT),并在比特币上创建经过客户验证的机密智能合约。
Taproot Assets:Taproot Assets(以前称为 Taro)是一种新的 Taproot 支持的协议,用于在比特币区块链上发行资产,这些资产可以通过闪电网络进行即时、大容量、低费用的交易。Taproot Assets 的核心是利用比特币网络的安全性和稳定性以及闪电网络的速度、可扩展性和低费用。
比特币上的DeFi:其中比较出名的有:Unisats (其宣称是基于 BRC-20 协议建立,为用户提供流动性和交易的 BRC 20-swap)、Bisq Network 、Atomic Finance等。
比特币跨链资产:将比特币安全的引入其它链(主要是以太坊)一直是 DeFi 项目的研究方向之一,其中主要的比特币跨链资产主要有:底层由 BitGo 中心化托管的WBTC、Threshold 发行的 tBTC 、 Ren Protocol 发行的 renBTC、 Synthetix 的 sBTC。
比特币进入宏观金融,新世纪大门打开
比特币减半、比特币ETF获批、美联储降息这三件事被越来越多人认为推动加密牛市的发动机。毫无疑问,比特币正在进入宏观金融世界,而传统金融大门向比特币彻底打开,迎接比特币的则是继承上一代财富的千禧一代。
从比特币减半周期维度看,目前比特币确实已经进入新阶段。根据PlanB的S2F模型看,目前,比特币已经进入”减半前 6 个月 – 减半后 18 个月“ 时期,在这个阶段,买入并持有的收益很好。除了比特币减半临近,加密资产监管合规之路出现重要转折点,比特币ETF推出似也呼之欲出。据《比推》报道,2023年8月,法庭文件显示,华盛顿一个由三名法官组成的上诉小组推翻了美国证交会(SEC)阻止灰度 ETF 的决定。据《比推》报道,在Ripple案中,10 月 3 日,法官Torres 驳回了 SEC的上诉请求;10月19日,灰度在X平台发文表示已提交了S-3表格,作为将GBTC转换为ETF的努力的一部分。” 从近期美联储谈话看,美联储降息也基本确定。据《比推》报道,美联储主席鲍威尔近日在新闻发布会上明确表达:降息已经进入决策视野,决策者正在思考、讨论合适降息合适。
与巨大利好预期相对应的则是,千禧一代一边继承财富,一边拥抱加密世界。据Galaxy研报显示:千禧一代即将迎来有史以来最大规模的财富传承。尽管婴儿潮一代和更年长的一代只占美国成年人口的三分之一不到,但却共同拥有美国家庭财富的三分之二(96 万亿美元),是千禧一代及更年轻一代财富的 11 倍以上。受到多次经济衰退、高昂的住房成本和沉重的债务负担的影响,这些年轻一代更愿意接受替代性的金融体系和投资,包括加密货币。许多调查显示,这一代相较父辈,对加密货币的采用或接受率至少高出 3 倍。估算表明,财富转移的影响可能导致未来 20 年内加密市场每天增加 2000 万至 2800 万美元的购买力。财富/权力向年轻一代的人口结构转变是不可避免的,这对加密货币是个好兆头。
总结
比特币技术在很长一段时间发展较为缓慢,但自从Taproot升级之后,其发展速度明显加快;而Taproot升级之后,比特币铭文迅速发展,向人们展现了比特币生态应用发展的巨大潜力,这会进一步推动开发者进入到比特币生态领域,从而推动比特币整体发展。从宏观层面看,比特币减半、比特币ETF获批、美联储降息这三件事大概率将推动加密牛市,使得比特币进入到全球金融市场;而千禧一代在一边继承财富,一边则拥抱加密货币,一个崭新而且从未出现的牛市面纱正缓缓落下。

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What is $BITCOIN

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