​科普:比特币现货 ETF 与比特币期货 ETF 的区别

MarsBitPublished on 2023-10-30Last updated on 2023-10-30

Abstract

比特币交易所交易基金(ETF)能够让投资者在不直接持有或管理比特币的情况下获得比特币价格波动的敞口。 比特币现货 ETF 和比特币期货 ETF 的主要差异包括标的资产、表现影响因素、流动性需求、潜在价格差异和敞口。

摘要
比特币交易所交易基金(ETF)能够让投资者在不直接持有或管理比特币的情况下获得比特币价格波动的敞口。
比特币现货 ETF 和比特币期货 ETF 的主要差异包括标的资产、表现影响因素、流动性需求、潜在价格差异和敞口。
比特币 ETF 是连接传统投资者与加密货币世界的桥梁。
贝莱德(BlackRock)、景顺投信(Invesco)、方舟投资(Ark Invest)和富达(Fidelity)等金融机构已经提交了比特币现货 ETF 的申请。如果这些申请获得批准,投资者将会有更多比特币 ETF 可供选择。
什么是 ETF?
交易所交易基金(ETF)是一种投资基金,类似于股票,在证券交易所进行交易。这些基金通常持有多种资产,如股票、商品或加密货币,旨在追踪特定指数或资产的表现。
例如,标普 500 指数 ETF 持有标普 500 指数上市公司的股票,力图模仿该指数的表现。如果该指数成分股出现变化,ETF 经理人也会相应地调整基金持仓,以便继续追踪该指数的组成和表现。
与在每个交易日结束时计算资产净值(NAV)的共同基金不同,ETF 在证券交易所上交易,可以在交易日全天以随供需情况波动的市场价格进行买卖。
虽然 ETF 的资产净值在交易日内经过多次计算,但投资者依然使用市场价格进行交易。与共同基金相比,这为投资者提供了更大的流动性和灵活性。此外,投资者可以采用各种交易策略,如进行做空或保证金交易,这些策略对共同基金来说并不常见。
什么是比特币 ETF?
在不断变化的加密货币投资领域,比特币 ETF 已成为一种重要的金融工具。比特币交易所交易基金(ETF)能够让投资者在不直接持有或管理比特币的情况下获得比特币价格波动的敞口。这种敞口方式受到部分投资者的青睐。
比特币 ETF 持有比特币或与比特币价格相关的合约,类似于公司股票,在传统的证券交易所进行交易。随着加密货币市场进一步发展,人们对比特币 ETF 的兴趣激增,尤其是两种主要类型的比特币 ETF:比特币现货 ETF 和比特币期货 ETF。这两种比特币ETF符合不同的投资策略和风险偏好。
什么是比特币现货 ETF?
比特币现货 ETF 是直接持有比特币作为标的资产的交易所交易基金。这意味着现货 ETF 的表现与所持有比特币的实时价值直接关联。当投资者购买现货 ETF 的股票时,他们本质上是在购买比特币,只是他们自己并不亲自持有比特币。
例如,假设一种比特币现货 ETF 叫作“BTC-one”。如果 BTC-One 持有 10,000 枚比特币并且发行了 100 万股,那么理论上每股代表 0.01 枚比特币。这意味着 BTC-One 的表现与所持有比特币的实时价值直接关联。
比特币现货 ETF 的优缺点
投资比特币现货 ETF 有几点优势。它可以让投资者在无需管理或存储比特币的情况下,仍能受益于比特币价格波动的敞口,从而消除安全性和数字钱包方面的顾虑。此外,由于这些 ETF 在传统证券交易所进行交易,这就将比特币纳入了监管框架中,增加了广大受众的信任感。最后,对于传统投资者来说,比特币现货 ETF 投资更加简单,因为是在他们熟悉的股票交易框架中运行。
然而,与任何投资一样,比特币现货 ETF 也存在潜在风险。比特币现货 ETF 的价值将随着比特币的价格变动而波动。此外,由于相关费用或管理问题,ETF 的表现可能并不总是与比特币完全一致。尽管 ETF 使得比特币与传统金融和监管更加紧密地联系在一起,但加密货币市场依旧变幻莫测。最后,由于交易 ETF 需要收取额外费用,交易 ETF 的成本相比交易现货加密货币来说要更高。ETF 的相关费用可能高达 2.5%,而现货加密货币交易的费用则通常低得多。
请注意,以太坊现货 ETF 或其他加密货币现货 ETF 的运作方式与比特币现货 ETF 类似,它们的优缺点也是类似的。
什么是比特币期货 ETF?
比特币期货 ETF 是一种不直接持有比特币的交易所交易基金。它投资于比特币期货合约,期货合约是指在未来约定日期以预定价格买卖比特币的协议。这样一来,投资者可以在不持有比特币的情况下对比特币的未来价格波动进行投机。
假设有一种名为“BitFutures”的比特币期货 ETF,其主要目标是通过购买比特币期货合约来追踪比特币的未来价格。BitFutures ETF 由一家金融机构设立并管理。假设 BitFutures 计划购买 1,000 个比特币期货合约,每个合约代表在三个月后以 55,000 美元的价格购买一枚比特币的权利。
为了筹集购买合约的资金,“BitFutures”发行了 1,000 万股份,每股都代表着对这些期货合约可能产生的利润(或亏损)的所有权。这意味着每股代表对每个期货合约 0.0001 的所有权。
投资者可以在普通证券交易所购买 BitFutures 的股票,就像购买其他公司的股票一样。如果市场认为比特币在三个月后的价格将远高于 55,000 美元,那么这些股份可能会以溢价交易。相反,如果市场持悲观态度,那么这些股份可能会以折价交易。
假设 BitFutures 的交易价格为每股 10 美元。一位投资者认为比特币价格将在接下来的三个月上涨,花费 1 万美元购买了 1,000 股股票。三个月后,如果期货合约盈利,BitFutures 股票的价值很可能会上涨。如果这位投资者的判断是正确的,每股价格涨至 12 美元,则该投资现在价值 12,000 美元,净利润为 2,000 美元。
实质上,当您购买类似 BitFutures 的比特币期货 ETF 股票时,就等于您间接地对比特币的未来价格进行押注,但并不直接持有加密货币或期货合约。相反,您购买的是拥有这些合约的基金的一部分。请注意,以太坊期货 ETF 的运作方式与比特币期货 ETF 类似。
比特币期货 ETF 的优缺点
比特币期货 ETF 的优势和比特币现货 ETF 类似。比特币期货 ETF 让投资者能够在无需购买或管理比特币的情况下,获得比特币价格波动的敞口。比特币期货ETF同样在受监管的环境中运作,这意味着比特币期货 ETF 需要遵守金融监管机构制定的标准。此外,它们提供较其他投资工具更大的流动性,投资者可以轻松在传统证券交易所买卖 ETF 股份。
比特币期货 ETF 的缺点或风险之一是不提供直接的比特币敞口。比特币期货 ETF 的投资者并非直接持有比特币,而是持有投资于期货合约的基金份额。由于合约市场具有复杂性,而比特币期货 ETF 的表现与合约市场挂钩,因此比特币期货 ETF 也比较复杂。除了拉低收益的额外管理费用之外,比特币期货 ETF 的价值可能不会始终与比特币的价格变动保持一致。最后,比特币期货 ETF 还面临交易对手风险,因为期货合约中的交易对手可能无法履行合约要求。
比特币现货 ETF 和比特币期货 ETF 的主要区别
比特币现货 ETF 和比特币期货 ETF 的主要区别总结如下。请注意,如果标的资产是以太币或其他资产,这些区别也大体适用。

比特币


投资者可以购买哪些比特币 ETF?
市场上有大量比特币 ETF 和以太坊 ETF 可供投资,投资者可以通过可靠来源轻松找到此类基金列表。如果您有兴趣投资这些 ETF,务必仔细阅读基金详情,以了解其费用结构、基金管理公司和流动性。
不同的 ETF 具有不同的费用结构,您需要了解管理费、交易费等可能降低收益的因素。选择时应考虑 ETF 供应商的声誉和业绩记录。选择业绩纪录优异的知名基金管理公司相对更加保险。检查 ETF 的流动性。可以无缝买卖股票且价格波动不明显的 ETF 通常更具优势。
此外,一些比特币 ETF 也可能提供其他加密货币的多元化敞口。如果您想要进行多元化的加密货币投资,可以考虑持有多种数字资产的 ETF。
截至 2023 年,贝莱德(BlackRock)、景顺投信(Invesco)、方舟投资(Ark Invest)和富达(Fidelity)等知名金融机构已经提交了比特币现货 ETF 的申请。如果这些申请获得批准,投资者未来将会有更加多元化的比特币 ETF 可供选择。
哪些人应该考虑投资比特币 ETF?
了解比特币现货 ETF 和比特币期货 ETF 的区别以及它们分别适合哪些投资者至关重要。
比特币现货 ETF 适合希望在不持有或管理比特币的情况下,获得比特币实时价格波动直接敞口的投资者。例如,对比特币长期价值主张有信心的投资人,并且希望参与紧密跟踪比特币市场价格的投资。相对于复杂的合约交易,他们可能倾向于更为简单的现货 ETF。
比特币期货 ETF 则适合更有经验的投资者,他们对比特币的价格感兴趣,并且能够灵活应对复杂的合约市场。例如,投资者可能希望利用合约市场动态,对冲其他投资或在短期价格波动中寻找机遇。此外,此类投资者可能愿意承担合约交易的潜在风险和回报,包括复杂的合约展期问题。
结语
比特币 ETF 是连接传统投资者与加密货币世界的桥梁。比特币现货 ETF 通过持有比特币提供了对比特币价格变动的直接敞口,而比特币期货 ETF 则通过预测比特币未来价格的期货合约来提供敞口。
然而,对待所有投资都务必保持谨慎。比特币及相关投资工具伴随着诸多潜在风险。在做出决策之前,希望成功的投资者应该做好充分研究。咨询可靠的财务顾问,对方会根据个人的财务目标和风险承受能力提供针对性的专业建议,这一点可能是最重要的。

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