“数字黄金”何以在地缘局势动荡下跌跌不休?后市行情将如何发展

mediumPublished on 2023-10-12Last updated on 2023-10-12

Abstract

近日,巴以冲突骤然升温,地缘局势瞬间紧张起来,所谓“大炮一响,黄金万两”,黄金、美元指数等避险资产应声而涨。“数字黄金”的表现远不如黄金,如何看待地缘局势对比特币的影响?比特币下方支撑在哪儿?从链上数据观察能给我们带来哪些有价值的参考?未来加密市场又将受到哪些大事件影响?周期为鉴,加密市场将如何发展?

近日,巴以冲突骤然升温,地缘局势瞬间紧张起来,所谓“大炮一响,黄金万两”,黄金、美元指数等避险资产应声而涨。“数字黄金”的表现远不如黄金,如何看待地缘局势对比特币的影响?比特币下方支撑在哪儿?从链上数据观察能给我们带来哪些有价值的参考?未来加密市场又将受到哪些大事件影响?周期为鉴,加密市场将如何发展?

巴以局势紧张,比特币会受到怎样影响

10月7日,受巴以冲突影响,中东地缘战争升级,黄金大幅高开,从1810上涨到1855美元,WIT原油期货上涨5%,美元指数迅速走高 。整体上看,资金在短期大幅涌入避险资产。那么,中东地缘战争短期将对BTC产生怎样的影响呢?

首先,需要明确比特币属不属于避险资产。BTC被称为“数字黄金”,加密市场中有人也将比特币看作避险资产,事实上,相对一些经济糟糕的小国家以及其他山寨币而言,比特币确实更具避险属性。但如果与黄金、原油以及美元等相比,比特币的避险共识就相对要弱很多,比特币的走势也在说明这一点。根据火币行情显示,比特在10月7日凌晨5时快速冲高,达到28300美元,随后持续回落,目前在27000美元附近。

如何来看待比特币和山寨币的市场表现呢?本文认为,在加密市场内部,BTC确实体现出一定避险属性,而山寨币等投机资产由于基本不具备任何避险特征,故而跌幅明显,整体上看市场存量资金有向BTC流动迹象。但是,如果将比特币放在宏观金融市场看,在华尔街金融机构眼中,比特币的投机属性仍然很强,很难将其归为避险资产。

从较长期看,这次冲突最重要的影响还是石油生产,石油问题会影响美国通胀问题,从而进一步影响美联储政策制定;美联储的货币政策将很大程度上影响比特币的未来走向。

BTC阻力在哪儿?下方何以支撑?

本文认为,比特币3万美元是上攻最主要的阻力位,大概率这就是牛熊分界点:如果有效突破前高就进入牛初阶段,不能有效突破就仍处熊尾。从技术分析角度看,MA200被认为最重要的牛熊分界线,尽管BTC此前曾一度站上MA200,但最终还是很难为继。那么,3万美元为什么如此重要

比特币3万美元附近是上一轮机构开始大面积连环暴雷的重要节点,当时LUNA暴雷,直接拖累三箭资本,三箭资本知道危局所在,曾试图力挽狂澜,但终究是泡沫太大,最后三箭资本暴雷破产,进而使得一众加密金融机构走向破产,去年FTX帝国也轰然倒下,就连DCG这样的庞然大物也一度岌岌可危,所以“比特币跌破三万美元”被称为众多加密金融机构的滑铁卢并不为过。在之前每一轮熊市中也往往都有类似的位置,这些位置在即将到来的牛市中又往往扮演者最大“拦路虎”。下面我们从链上数据的维度来进一步看一看这个位置的重要性。

Glassnode数据显示:在各个不同的周期中,比特币的数据总是会出现惊人的相似。在 2021-2022 年的周期中,3 万美元的价格水平在某种程度上可以看作是「中点」,并在该点上下波动。在 2013-2016 年的周期中,425 美元也是一个非常类似该周期的「中点」,而 2018-2019 年的 6500 美元也是。这些价格水平的「亏损」供应量高度相似。

通过上面的链上数据可以看出,当下的加密市场仍然处于熊尾阶段,尽管已经是熊尾,也依然属于熊市,激进的操作并不适宜。那么熊市的底部在哪儿?

此前,Galaxy Digital发文指出,25000 美元是值得关注的关键水平,因为早在 2022 年 5 月,它就曾多次充当技术支撑和阻力位,比特币周四(8月17日)的闪崩就是在这里找到支撑的。当从链上看比特币供应时,这个水平也很突出。22% 的比特币供应量在 25,300 美元至 31,575 美元之间易手。

另外,从Glassnode数据观察,Bitcoin: Difficulty Regression Model指标显示的矿工平均成本价在23300美元附近。该指标将比特币挖矿难度视为挖矿“价格”的最终提炼,用一个数字来解释所有挖矿变量,因此,该值反映了矿业对 BTC 的平均生产成本,该指标无需对挖矿设备、电力成本和其他因素进行细分考虑。

周期为鉴,未来哪些大事将影响比特币走势

从周期角度看,比特币下一次减半预计发生在 2024 年 4 月 20 日,从减半到下一个牛市周期的顶峰平均持续 480天。如果历史重演,根据Plan B的数据模型计算,那么在下一个减半之前比特币将涨到 3.6 万美元,之后涨到 14.9 万美元。纯粹的谈论周期,多少有些纸上谈兵的意味,下面,我们进一步研究比特币的内在推动逻辑。

本文认为,加密市场的大牛市仍然会由比特币的内在减半周期和宏观市场双向驱动。从长期来看,美联储本轮的降息周期或将于比特币的减半周期重合。美联储的周期调控对于比特币而言属于外因影响,比特币自身减半机制产生的周期效应则相对更为内在;目前比特币内在周期性要强于外在周期影响,如果内在周期和外在周期同步,那么比特币的周期效应将表现得更为明显;如果两大周期步伐发生冲突,那比特币主要体现为内在周期特点,但其周期效应会被削弱。今年7月份时候,比特币尽管已经站上MA200,很多华尔街机构进入加密市场,比如Paypal等,Ripple以及灰度对SEC的官司都取得了可喜的结果,但在宏观金融流动性紧张的背景下,比特币依然选择回落休整。

量变导致质变,随着越来越多好消息积累,比特币的最终突破也许只需要一个引线。那么,今年有可能对加密市场产生影响的事件还有哪些呢?本文认为,其主要包含如下几个:1)SEC 对 Coinbase 一案的驳回动议的裁决,以及SEC针对币安 (Binance) 的一系列案件的进展;2)美国众议院目前正在考虑制定有关监管加密市场和稳定币发行的正式法案;3)债券市场崩溃风险和美联储加息等。

展望

整体上看,如果参考SEC和Ripple之间的诉讼官司,预计SEC与Coinbase、币安的官司不会很快有结果;美国制定法律这个事情,考虑到美国的效率和两党政治,预计也不会很快通过;至于美联储加息政策,目前看转向的概率不大,流动性不排除进一步收紧,这也是BTC可能进一步下跌的宏观因素。

相对而言,明年的机会确实更多一些。明年上半年对加密市场影响深远的事件主要有:贝莱德申请的ETF大概在明年一季度有结果;美联储的加息周期也大概在明年一二季度出现转折;以太坊的Dencun升级目前预计在年底结束,Layer2在明年上半年有望迎来技术大爆发。加之,比特币明年二季度减半,这也会重塑很多人的信心。整体上看,目前毕竟还是熊尾,对于投资者而言,守得住寂寞相当之重要。

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