Vitalik: Ethereum to Enter 'Lean Ethereum' Phase, Core Protocol May Undergo Comprehensive Reconstruction in Next 3-4 Years

07/05 03:00

On July 5, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated that Ethereum researchers recently held a meeting in Berlin, continuing discussions from April with client teams in the Svalbard archipelago, to update the long-term protocol roadmap. Vitalik indicated that 'Lean Ethereum' is not a one-time upgrade, but a series of protocol evolutions that will be gradually implemented over the next 3 to 4 years, with its impact comparable to 'The Merge' as the second major iteration, while the current phase may constitute the third significant evolution. He pointed out that future core changes to Ethereum may include: adopting recursive STARK verification to replace direct execution verification, introducing quantum-resistant cryptographic systems, adjusting the consensus mechanism to a decoupled usable chain and finality design, as well as reconstructing multi-dimensional Gas models and state structures. In terms of state, Ethereum may form a 'dual-layer state structure' around 2030, consisting of approximately 2TB of traditional dynamic state and about 100TB of new scalable state to support the expansion needs of different application scenarios. Vitalik emphasized that privacy capabilities will no longer be an additional feature, but one of the core design goals of the protocol, while the system will increasingly rely on formal verification to enhance security and promote the EVM's transition to higher levels of abstraction in the future, with the underlying architecture potentially gradually transitioning to RISC-V or leanISA. Additionally, he mentioned that key parameters such as Gas limits, Blob capacity, and block time will be adjusted multiple times over the coming years, as Ethereum continues to achieve scalability through client optimizations and protocol upgrades. Vitalik concluded that Ethereum is entering a phase of continuous reconstruction and expansion, aiming to complete underlying system upgrades without disrupting the existing application ecosystem.
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