With the international situation remaining tense in recent years and events such as the Russia-Ukraine war, the Gaza conflict, and Iran-related geopolitical risks escalating, it has become evident that geopolitical information exerts an increasingly significant impact on global capital markets. A war thousands of miles away can trigger a "flash crash" in global stock markets. Intelligence is no longer merely defense-related information; the demand among the general public for war analysis and forward-looking intelligence has also risen markedly. The concept of "Open Source Intelligence" (OSINT) is gaining traction: leveraging publicly available information from the internet—such as social media, satellite imagery, and flight trajectories—to cross-validate and piece together valuable clues. Examples include video footage posted by frontline soldiers on TikTok and the associated account login locations, or the "Pentagon Pizza Index," which infers military movements based on changes in U.S. Department of Defense food delivery orders. These are typical OSINT scenarios.
The open-source intelligence scenario we focus on is prediction markets: they allow participants to place bets on whether a specific event will occur, covering fields such as technology, entertainment, culture, and geopolitics.
Polymarket was established in 2020 and initially served primarily blockchain-native users. It truly entered the public eye during the 2024 U.S. presidential election cycle: one week before the official announcement of the election results, when mainstream media and traditional polling agencies still struggled to provide a clear conclusion, Polymarket had already placed the probability of Trump's victory at 65%. By around 10 p.m. on election night, the probability of Trump winning had risen to 90%, while many mainstream media outlets were still reporting the latest vote counts and did not announce the results until the early hours of the next morning.
The total trading volume for this presidential election bet reached $3.686 billion, with the two most profitable accounts earning $38.62 million by betting on Trump's victory. To this day, they remain the top two on the platform's all-time profit leaderboard. It was this election that fundamentally changed public perception of Polymarket and prediction markets as a whole: they are no longer simply viewed as a "blockchain casino" or a speculative game but are widely recognized as a data reference platform that is more accurate and sensitive than traditional polls. Since then, numerous mainstream media outlets have begun actively collaborating with prediction markets, systematically incorporating prediction market probability data into news reports as a supplementary perspective on market consensus.
For a long time, many people have understood prediction markets as a "betting game on outcomes." However, in our view, the real value has never been the act of betting itself but the informational advantage implied behind the bets. Previously, industry secrets and critical wartime intelligence, restricted by confidentiality agreements and other barriers, have now become chips in financial markets with the support of prediction markets. The fluctuations in the probability of events occurring in prediction markets due to insider betting are themselves an undeniable real-world signal.
In other words: if we can systematically identify these accounts, we may gain前瞻性线索 (forward-looking clues) different from any traditional intelligence channels, even knowing the outcome in advance when an event occurs. The ending of a TV series has been filmed, an award has been predetermined, a regulatory outcome has been finalized... As long as someone is in the know and the platform allows betting, secrets can hardly remain completely hidden. This has also彻底改写 (thoroughly rewritten) the long-static traditional path of information flow:
In mild scenarios, this means that TV series endings, award outcomes, and business decisions become known to the market in advance; in extreme scenarios, it even touches upon war and geopolitical conflicts: people can obtain military intelligence-level information through the wagers of frontline soldiers, directly influencing the course of a war. When the outcome is already known to a few and the market allows betting on it, the price itself can become an undeniable signal of reality.
