关于Web3 中间件的思考：数据，社交图谱和身份

CipholioОпубліковано о 2022-07-12Востаннє оновлено о 2022-07-12

Анотація

本文是继正式讲演后，主讲人Jonas对话题及讨论的文字版本的精要提炼。

本文是继正式讲演后，主讲人Jonas对话题及讨论的文字版本的精要提炼。

主要讨论角度：

1. 从Web2到Web3，有哪些变化与挑战

2. 核心中间件：数据，社会图谱和身份验证

3. 展望Web3 & 对Web3建设者的建议

1/14 聊聊看最近关于 Web3 中间件的思考：数据，社交图谱和身份。

2/14 天下苦秦久矣。Web2 的巨头长期掌握着用户数据所有权和使用权，通过数据直接或间接牟利的手段更是层出不穷。而用户在迁移新协议时也面临社交图谱的缺失带来破碎的使用体验，开发者也需要重复搭建不同的用户管理系统。一切都是如此的肮脏和低效，开发者和用户都不得不向掌握数据主权的大公司屈服。

3/14. Web3 则以一种公开透明模块化的方式不断进攻现有 Web2 体制内的数据高墙。通过构建通用存储层和通用结构层，将所有权和价值还给用户。基于此百花齐放的 DID 生态也让我们看到了 Web3 基础架构改变释放的巨大市场潜能。从数据到社交图谱再到身份，每一层都从不同维度上为Web3提供了基础设施服务。

4/14. 数据层面最有价值的创造莫过于@ceramicnetwork。作为对其他构建在 IPFS 上的存储技术的补充，Ceramic 通过其独创的「Stream 」机制实现了动态数据存储的优化，在降低存储时间的同时也大大降低了存储成本。除此以外还还推出了一系列「StreamType」满足开发者对于不同业务场景的使用需求。

5/14. 「StreamType」所提供的最重要的应用场景莫过于用于身份验证的 DID。其采用 W3C 标准，由提供身份声明的基础层以及用于身份验证的应用层构成，DID 标识符也提供了不同的组件为个人用户，开发者，NFT 甚至智能合约提供不同身份方法。通过采用相同的底层模型打通了生态系统之间的通用权限。

6/14. Ceramic 作为 Web3 应用核心底层数据的提供商，构建了可编程数据流，提供了去中心化存储的水平拓展方案，打造了通用型数据模型市场。虽然目前依然存在开发者需要自营节点以及没有完善的经济模型问题，但其目前依然是数据模块化市场上无可匹敌的核心龙头。

7/14. CyberConnectHQ 作为搭建在 Ceramic 上的社交图谱协议，构建了一个通用账户存储所有个人相关的社交信息网络。其通过整合所有链下、链上以及去中心化存储协议中的数据构建用户特有的社交关系网络，使 Web3 开发者可以专注于建立更好的服务和内容而不必费心搭建用户网络。

8/14. 毫无疑问通过 CyberConnect 构建的通用账户系统直击 Web2 数据围城的要害，聚合了区块链的网络效应，在开发者和用户之间都形成了正向的价值循环。但其目前仍然面临诸多困境，如没有将数据隐私的选项交还用户，以及如何在不断增长的多链多地址环境中形成精细化组合方案也是个巨大的挑战。

9/14. @LensProtocol完全颠覆了现有的社交图谱设计体系，构建了一套以 NFT 为核心的可拓展社交架构。个人主页，关注用户，收藏将作为信息和价值承载的主体都并以 NFT 的形式记录在钱包中，创作者可以设置时间或金额门槛来捕获用户关注和收集的价值，Lens 架构在 NFT 实用性探索上迈出了坚实的一步。

10/14. Lens 带来的核心价值体现在社交数据记录的开放化，精细化和资产化。当社交关系成为公共设施，用户就可以带着沉淀的社交关系体验任何新的产品，而不会被任何一个产品所捆绑。NFT 的引入也给所有的用户行为刻上了资产属性。但由于协议较新目前没有成熟的生态，同样也面临经济模型不完善的问题。

11/14. 随着数据获取基础设施的完善以及社交图谱网络的成熟，随之发展的中间件就是如今百花齐放的 DID。与社交图谱一样身份也不是一个 Web3 原生的概念。Web3 的附加值在于提供了以身份所有权和互操作性为中心的一系列新型解决方案。由于针对身份和主权的定义上有多种维度，仅罗列代表性协议做参考。

12/14. 至此我们拼凑出了一个相对完整的核心 Web3 中间件生态，即：以@ceramicnetwork为代表的底层数据存储网络，以@CyberConnectHQ和@LensProtocol为核心的社交图谱协议，以及按不同目的和性质划分的身份主权生态。

13/14. 对 Web3 开发者的一些建议：1. 现今需要更多中间件的应用场景而不是中间件本身。2. Web2 产品发币的简单模型很难走通，需要一些更原生的创新。3. Web3 产品中 NFT 比 Token 更容易进行价值捕获。4. 好的想法千篇一律，执行力才是项目能生存胜出的关键。

14/14. 最后扔出一些开放问题供大家探讨:

1. 作为非金融产品，如何吸引投机主导的 Web3 玩家使用？

2. 如何从 Web2 应用中冷启动转移真实社交网络？

3. DID 的终极形态什么样子？该由谁来定义？

4. 主权身份究竟以自然人为单位划分还是数字实体？

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