福布斯2026年利率预测,美联储的方向由谁决定?

marsbitОпубліковано о 2025-11-30Востаннє оновлено о 2025-12-01

编者按:随着市场押注 2026 年将迎来「新任美联储主席+新一轮降息周期」的共振,美国利率路径再度成为全球资产定价的主线变量。

CME 期货显示,联邦基金利率或在 2026 年降至约 3%,低于当前的 3.75%–4% 区间,且主要下调可能集中在上半年。但在通胀尚未完全回到目标、就业又出现走弱迹象的背景下,政策前景仍充满不确定性。尽管特朗普政府有望任命更偏向宽松的新主席,FOMC 的运行机制决定了政策基调依然将由经济数据主导。

本文梳理 2026 年关键议息时间表、降息预期区间与政策博弈,为读者提供理解美国利率走向的清晰框架。

以下为原文:

降息

根据 CMEFedWatch 工具对利率期货的定价,市场普遍预期 2026 年将在「新任美联储主席」背景下迎来一轮短期利率下行周期,联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)全年八次例会大概率都将围绕降息路径展开。


在此之前,FOMC 仍将在 2025 年 12 月 10 日举行本年度最后一次议息会议,市场认为该次会议存在小幅降息的可能,但维持利率不变的概率也不可忽视。

2026 年利率路径

按照当前定价,到 2026 年 12 月,联邦基金利率预计将降至约 3%,低于目前 3.75%–4% 的区间。

不过,利率前景仍存在较大不确定性:在更极端的市场估计中,利率可能低至 2%,也可能继续维持在 4% 水平。

若 FOMC 最终启动降息,市场认为主要降息幅度可能集中在 2026 年上半年。相比之下,美联储官员自身对 2026 年利率水平的预测更为谨慎,大部分预测仍认为利率将维持在 3% 以上。但这些预测是在 9 月发布的,将在 12 月再次更新。

2026 年 FOMC 会议时间表

虽然美联储在经济紧急情况下可随时调整利率,但正常年份通常遵循八次例会的既定安排。

2026 年议息会议将于以下日期举行:1 月 28 日、3 月 18 日、4 月 28 日、6 月 17 日、7 月 29 日、9 月 16 日、10 月 28 日和 12 月 9 日。

自 3 月起,FOMC 将在隔次会议更新经济预测摘要(SEP)。

新任主席或推动更低利率

特朗普总统预计将在 2026 年提名一位更支持「降息取向」的新任美联储主席。预测市场(如 Kalshi)目前将凯文·哈塞特(KevinHassett)视为最有可能的候选人。

这意味着 2026 年利率政策可能受到额外推动。例如,特朗普在 2025 年任命的 StephenMiran 已多次在投票中倾向更激进的降息立场。

不过,除主席人选外,FOMC 的投票结构整体将延续既有格局,这意味着货币政策不会因新主席而出现剧烈转向。

经济数据仍是核心变量

最终,美联储的决策仍将由经济数据主导。

目前来看:通胀略高于 2% 目标,但未出现失控迹象;失业率有所上升,但尚未高到引发警报的程度。

在这样的环境下,FOMC 大概率会以温和节奏下调利率。若失业率大幅恶化,降息力度可能被迫加大;反之,如果通胀意外反弹,美联储则可能放慢调整步伐。不过后者目前发生概率较低。

当前最受关注的指标是就业数据。部分官员认为劳动力市场正在放缓,可能拖累整体经济,应提前降低利率;另一些官员则认为就业软 ening 并未构成真正风险。

就业数据将在 2026 年继续揭示哪一方的判断更接近现实。

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