Polymarket或将发币,提交文件透露端倪

Odaily星球日报Опубліковано о 2025-09-16Востаннє оновлено о 2025-09-16

原创 | Odaily 星球日报(@OdailyChina

作者|jk

近日有媒体报道称,预测市场平台 Polymarket 向美国证券交易委员会提交的文件中暗示了发币计划。通过查阅 SEC 公开数据库,这一推测确有依据。

通过 SEC EDGAR 公开数据库可以确认,Polymarket 的运营实体 Blockratize Inc.确实在这一时间提交了 Form D 融资披露文件。虽然时间上有所出入(提交时间实际上为 8 月 1 日),但媒体推测的逻辑基础并非空穴来风,而且文件中确实包含了在加密行业中通常被视为未来代币发行信号的条款。

对于这家估值已达 10 亿美元、经历了从监管灰色地带到完全合规转变的预测市场巨头而言,发币传言的出现并不意外,它可能标志着 Polymarket 准备开启发展历程的全新篇章。

Form D 文件中的"暗号"

根据 SEC EDGAR 数据库显示,Polymarket 的运营实体 Blockratize Inc.在 2025 年 8 月 1 日提交了一份 Form D 文件,披露了其最新一轮融资情况。引起关注的是文件中提到的"其他认股权证"(other warrants)或"其他权利"(other "rights to acquire another security")条款。

在加密货币行业,这类表述往往被视为未来发币的信号。由于代币在美国的法律地位仍不明确,公司通常无法在 SEC 文件中直接提及代币发行计划,因此会使用"认股权证"这样的表述为投资者预留未来获得代币的权利。这已经成为加密行业进行传统股权融资时的常见做法。

文件显示,此次融资总额度为 2.575 亿美元,已售出 1.354 亿美元,剩余约 1.22 亿美元,共有 23 名投资者参与。

从出走到回归:Polymarket 怎么坐稳合规预测市场头把交椅

从监管真空到铁拳打击

要理解 Polymarket 当前的处境,就不得不回顾其曲折的发展历程。这家公司由 Shayne Coplan 于 2020 年创立,最初是一个基于区块链的去中心化预测市场。用户可以使用稳定币 USDC 对各种现实事件进行押注,从政治选举到体育比赛,涵盖面极广。

平台的技术架构颇为巧妙。它基于以太坊智能合约构建,后来迁移到 Polygon 网络以提高扩展性。用户只需连接 Web 3 钱包就能参与交易,无需身份验证,整个过程完全去中心化。这种设计让 Polymarket 在早期规避了传统金融监管,因为它不涉及法币交易,也没有中心化的资金托管。

2020 年 10 月,Polymarket 获得了由 Polychain Capital 领投的 400 万美元种子轮融资。随着平台影响力扩大,后续又完成了由 General Catalyst 领投的 2500 万美元 A 轮融资,以及 2024 年由 Peter Thiel 的 Founders Fund 领投的 4500 万美元 B 轮融资,Vitalik Buterin 也参与了投资。到 2025 年中期,Polymarket 的估值已达到约 10 亿美元。

在创立初期,Polymarket 虽然在服务条款中禁止美国居民使用,但实际执行相当宽松。许多最受欢迎的市场都围绕美国话题展开,比如总统选举结果、美联储政策等,而相当一部分用户据信来自美国。平台在 18 个月内上线了超过 900 个市场,增长势头强劲。

CFTC 的当头一棒

在 2021 年中,Polymarket 的高调表现和以美国为中心的市场开始引起监管部门注意。2022 年 1 月 3 日,美国商品期货交易委员会对 Polymarket 发起执法行动,指控其在未获得适当许可的情况下向美国客户提供未注册的二元期权合约。

CFTC 认为,Polymarket 的每个"是/否"事件市场实际上都构成了二元期权掉期,而根据《商品交易法》,此类产品只能在注册交易所或掉期执行设施上提供。Polymarket 既没有获得指定合约市场许可,也没有申请掉期执行设施资格。

最终双方达成和解,Polymarket 同意支付 140 万美元民事罚款,同时承诺禁止美国用户访问平台,并停止提供不合规的事件合约。CFTC 执法部门代理主任 Vincent McGonagle 在声明中强调:"无论使用何种技术,包括所谓的去中心化金融领域,所有衍生品市场都必须在法律范围内运营。"

海外求生与持续压力

和解后,Polymarket 实施了地理位置封锁措施——美国用户被禁止访问平台。不过,平台继续为全球其他地区的用户提供服务,并在 2023 年和 2024 年实现了显著增长。为了改善用户体验,Polymarket 还引入了通过 MoonPay 和 Stripe 进行的法币到加密货币即时转换功能。

2024 年美国总统选举期间,Polymarket 的交易量大幅飙升,尽管美国用户被官方禁止参与,而有报道称,一些美国用户仍通过 VPN 等方式访问网站,这在社区中已是公开的秘密。为了加强合规,Polymarket 在 2024 年底开始对大额交易者实施身份验证,以防止规避地理封锁。

然而,监管压力并未因此减轻。2024 年 5 月,CFTC 甚至提议出台新规则,完全禁止针对美国选举结果的事件合约,显示出监管部门对政治预测市场的持续担忧。更严重的是,2024 年 11 月美国大选刚结束,FBI 就突击搜查了 CEO Shayne Coplan 的住所,没收了 Coplan 的电子设备,这是 CFTC 和司法部联合调查 Polymarket 是否违反 2022 年和解协议的一部分。

2025年,华丽转身

2025 年成为 Polymarket 命运的转折点。经过数月的幕后谈判,CFTC 和司法部在 7 月中旬撤销了对 Polymarket 的调查,没有提出进一步指控。这一结果恰好与美国政府换届和监管领导层变化同时发生。

几天后,Polymarket 宣布了一项重磅交易:以 1.12 亿美元收购 QCX LLC 及其附属清算所 QC Clearing LLC。QCX 是一个相对默默无闻的实体,早在 2022 年就申请了指定合约市场许可,并在 2025 年 7 月获得 CFTC 批准。通过收购 QCX(现已更名为"Polymarket US"),Polymarket 实际上获得了完整的 CFTC 交易所牌照和清算牌照。

"现在,通过收购 QCEX,我们正在为将 Polymarket 带回家园奠定基础——以完全受监管和合规的平台重新进入美国市场,让美国人能够交易他们的观点,"Coplan 在收购新闻稿中宣布。

这一举措为 Polymarket 在 CFTC 监督下重新在美国上线铺平了道路。9 月初,CFTC 向 Polymarket 新收购的交易所部门授予无执法行动救济,豁免了原本适用于事件合约的某些掉期报告和记录保存要求。这份无执法行动函实际上为 Polymarket 在美国合法提供预测市场开了绿灯,只要其在规定范围内运营。

结合通过 QCX 获得的指定合约市场和指定清算组织牌照,Polymarket 现在可以在受监管场所上市基于事件的二元期权。平台预计将为美国用户实施完整的 KYC/AML 合规要求,并遵守 CFTC 关于产品监督和报告的规则。

值得注意的是,美国监管部门在 2025 年对此类市场的态度似乎比几年前更加开放。CFTC 代理主席甚至评论说,该机构在追求预测市场案件时陷入了"法律不确定性的泥潭",暗示了更加宽松的立场。

发币传言的现实基础

在这样的背景下,Polymarket 可能发币的传言就有了更加坚实的基础。Form D 文件中的"其他认股权证"表述,结合公司当前的发展阶段和监管环境的改善,使得发币计划具备了相当的可行性。

当然,这种推测仍然建立在行业惯例和间接证据之上,而非官方确认。但考虑到 Polymarket 已经从一个游走在监管边缘的 DeFi 项目转变为受到全面监管的美国衍生品交易所,推出原生代币既符合其链上的行业基因,也有助于进一步巩固其在预测市场领域的领先地位。

从 2020 年在监管真空中野蛮生长,到 2022 年遭遇 CFTC 铁拳打击,再到 2025 年通过收购获得合规地位,Polymarket 的发展轨迹堪称加密货币行业合规化进程的一个缩影。如今,随着监管环境的逐步明朗和公司自身合规体系的日臻完善,这家预测市场巨头或许正准备开启其发展历程的新篇章。

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