首次卖币、退市,币股不再是加密货币貔貅

深潮Опубліковано о 2025-08-24Востаннє оновлено о 2025-08-25

DAT 模式仍存在风险,需谨慎对待。

撰文:kkk,律动

如果说上一个周期是微策略点燃了比特币的牛市,那么本轮行情的发动机,毫无疑问是「山寨币微策略」。SBET、BMNR 等以太坊财库公司持续买入,不仅将 ETH 的价格从 5 月初的 1800 美元一路推高至 4700 美元,涨幅超过 160%,也在市场情绪中扮演了新的领头羊角色。与此同时,SOL、BNB、HYPE 等主流山寨币也纷纷效仿,出现了一批以财库增持为核心叙事的公司,进一步放大了市场的上涨预期。

然而,随着这一模式的扩散,风险信号也逐渐浮现。近期,BNB 财库公司 Wint 面临退市风险,Hype 财库公司 LGHL 传出卖币风波,引发了市场对「财库策略」可持续性的质疑。究竟这种以集中买入为核心的玩法暗藏哪些潜在风险?投资者在追逐高收益的同时,又需要注意哪些隐忧?本文将对此进行深入分析。

公司博弈:资本只会选择少数赢家

这场「财库公司」的竞争,堪称一场你死我活的市场淘汰赛。

Windtree Therapeutics(WINT)在 7 月高调宣布建立 BNB 战略储备,却因基本面羸弱和股价持续低迷,最终在 8 月 19 日收到纳斯达克退市通知。消息公布后,WINT 股价连续暴跌,单日重挫 77.21%,现价仅剩 0.13 美元,较消息公布后的 1.58 美元累计跌幅高达 91.7%。对于一家本就处于临床阶段、尚未实现商业化、季度亏损不断扩大的小型生物制药企业来说,退市几乎意味着被市场彻底边缘化。

与之形成鲜明对比的,是另一位新晋玩家——BNB Network Company(BNC,原 CEA Industries)。在 YZi Labs 的支持下,BNC 于 7 月底至 8 月初完成了 5 亿美元的私募融资,CZ 亲自下场操刀,参投机构多达 140 家,阵容豪华,包括 Pantera Capital、Arrington Capital、GSR 等一线资本。公司还邀请 Galaxy Digital 前联合创始人 David Namdar 出任 CEO,并由前 CalPERS(加州公务员退休基金)首席投资官 Russell Read 掌舵投资决策,几乎一夜之间完成了从传统小盘股到「BNB 正统财库公司」的跃升。

资本的选择已然给出答案:WINT 成了「弃子」,而 BNC 则成为新的市场旗手。数据显示,BNC 股价昨日上涨 9.47%,现价 23.01 美元,进一步强化了其在「BNB 财库公司」赛道的领先地位。可以说,这场竞争不仅是公司基本面的对决,更是市场对叙事与资源整合能力的投票。

在 ETH 财库公司赛道中,竞争同样白热化。Joseph Lubin 带领的 SBET 作为第一个喊出「ETH 微策略」概念的上市公司,凭借先发优势和 ETH 代言人的叙事,在市场初期迅速引发了强烈的 FOMO,从 3 美元一度狂飙至 120 美元以上,成为山寨财库模式的标杆案例。

然而,BMNR 的崛起很快改写了格局。作为后来者,它不仅在买入力度和资金规模上全面压过 SBET,还高调喊出「持有 5% ETH」的口号,瞬间拉高了市场想象力。更关键的是,BMNR 背后站着 Tom Lee 与木头姐等华尔街老牌资本的公开力挺,使其迅速在机构与媒体层面占据主导地位。相比之下,SBET 虽然有 Joseph Lubin 这样代表 Web3 新贵的背书,但与华尔街「老钱」结盟的 BMNR 相比,明显在话语权和影响力上略逊一筹。

二者股价走势也印证了这种分化。8 月行情中,SBET 股价从 17 美元最高涨至 25 美元,整体涨幅约 50%;BMNR 则从 30 美元最高涨至 70 美元,涨幅超过 130%,显著跑赢前者。随着 BMNR 逐步获得主流资本与意见领袖的认可,ETH 财库公司的竞争态势已经出现明显的此消彼长。

这场竞争背后的启示在于,「财库公司」赛道已进入强者恒强的阶段。随着机构投资人和头部资本的参与,市场资源正加速向少数具备 资本整合力、叙事驱动力和治理能力 的企业集中。小公司在这一模式下很难存活,即使打出「财库」概念,也难以抵御市场对业绩与资金实力的考验。最终,赛道只会留下少数真正能承接资金与叙事的赢家,而泡沫和跟风者则会被快速淘汰。

卖币隐忧:战略储备不等于永远持有

如果说比特币的牛市有 Michael Saylor 的信仰加持,那么山寨币的「财库牛」则显得更现实。Saylor 一直高调宣称 MicroStrategy「永远不会出售」其比特币,并通过不断融资持续买入,为 BTC 带来源源不断的买盘与信心。尽管如此,「微策略是否会卖币」始终是市场讨论的焦点。而山寨币的财库公司虽然效仿这一模式,却从未给出「不卖」的承诺,这让市场对其稳定性始终心存更大的隐忧。

最近,HYPE 财库公司 Lion Group Holding Ltd. 就被监测到卖出了价值 50 万美元的 HYPE 代币。而仅仅一个月前,该公司才宣布在完成 6 亿美元融资后启动 HYPE 财库策略,目标是将 $HYPE 定位为核心储备资产,并通过配置 $SOL、$SUI 等代币来构建下一代 Layer-1 财库组合,并且明确表态未来还会继续增持这些代币,然而,如今的减持举动让外界对其资产配置逻辑产生猜测:这到底是战术上的多元化调整,还是对近期市场下跌的避险反应?尽管卖出规模仅 50 万美元,在 6 亿融资面前微不足道,但还是值得市场敲醒警钟。

类似的例子并不鲜见。美图公司曾斥资约 1 亿美元买入 BTC 和 ETH,随后在 2024 年末 BTC 突破 10 万美元时套现,卖出价格接近 1.8 亿美元,获利约 7,963 万美元。尽管美图并非财库策略公司,但这一操作已说明:当价格上涨到一定程度,所谓的「战略储备」完全可能转化为获利了结的工具。

目前,市场尚未出现大规模财库公司集体抛售,但潜在风险不容忽视。无论是获利动机,还是对未来行情的恐惧,财库公司都可能成为卖压的源头。Lion Group 的减持正是这种担忧的缩影:作为首批入局的 HYPE 财库策略机构之一,它的抛售无疑敲响了警钟——一旦「财库军团」选择集中抛售,踩踏效应或许瞬间引爆,牛市也可能在自身的发动机压力下嘎然而止。

mNAV 飞轮:无限子弹还是双刃剑?

财库公司的融资飞轮建立在 mNAV 机制上,其本质是一种反身性的飞轮逻辑,让财库公司在牛市里拥有看似「无限子弹」的能力。mNAV 指的是市场净资产价值比(Market Net Asset Value),计算方式是企业市值(P)相对于其每股净资产(NAV)的倍数。在财库策略公司语境下,NAV 则指的是其所持有的数字资产价值。

当股价 P 高于每股净资产 NAV(即 mNAV > 1)时,公司就能持续募资,把募集资金再投入数字资产。每次增发买入都会推高每股持仓和账面价值,从而进一步强化市场对公司叙事的信心,推动股价走高。于是,一个闭环的正反馈飞轮开始转动:mNAV 上行 → 增发融资 → 买入数字资产 → 每股持仓增厚 → 市场信心增强 → 股价再升。正是凭借这种机制,MicroStrategy 能够在过去几年中能够持续融资买入比特币而不严重稀释股份。

然而,mNAV 是一把双刃剑。溢价可以代表市场的高度信任,也可能仅仅是投机炒作。一旦 mNAV 收敛到 1 或跌破 1,市场从「增厚逻辑」切换为「稀释逻辑」。如果此时代币本身价格下跌,飞轮就会从正向转动转为负反馈循环,造成市值和信心的双杀。此外,财库策略公司的融资也建立在 mNAV 的溢价飞轮上,当 mNAV 长期处于折价状态,增发空间将被封锁,本就处于业务停滞或濒临退市的中小盘壳公司的业务将被全部推翻,建立的飞轮效应也将瞬间崩塌。理论上,当 mNAV < 1 时,公司更合理的选择是卖出持仓回购股票,以恢复平衡,但也不应以偏概全,折价公司也可能代表价值被低估。

在 2022 年熊市里,即便 MicroStrategy 的 mNAV 一度跌破 1,公司也没有选择卖币回购,而是通过债务重组坚持保留所有比特币。这种「死守」的逻辑来自于 Saylor 对 BTC 的信仰式愿景,将其视为「永远不会卖出」的核心抵押资产。但这种路径并非所有财库公司都能复制。大多数山寨币财库股本身缺乏稳定的主营业务,转型为「买币公司」只是生存手段,并没有信仰加持。一旦市场环境恶化,它们更可能为了止损或兑现利润而抛售,从而引发踩踏。

如何规避 DAT 财库模式的潜在风险?

优先选择「屯 BTC」的公司

当前的财库模式大多是对 MicroStrategy 的模仿,而比特币在其中始终扮演着「行业基石」的角色。比特币作为全球唯一被广泛接受的去中心化数字黄金,其价值共识几乎是无可替代的。无论是传统金融机构,还是加密原生巨头,对比特币的配置与预期仍未达到长期目标。对于投资者而言,选择那些「BTC 财库公司」往往比单纯模仿山寨币财库逻辑的公司更稳健,也更具长期的信心溢价。

关注竞争关系,优选龙头标的

资本市场的生态位竞争极其残酷。尤其在财库策略这种叙事驱动的模式中,市场往往「只知第一、不识第二」。从 WINT 与 BNC 的竞争就能看出,一旦资本与正统机构的支持集中到某一方,另一方几乎会被迅速边缘化。在这种背景下,投资者应重点关注「龙头效应」:第一名往往能拿到更多机构资金、媒体叙事与市场信任,而第二名、第三名则很容易被忽视。

对散户而言,如果对个股判断把握不足,选择直接配置币本身反而更简单有效。从事实来看,即便在公司层面竞争激烈,ETH 和 BNB 却双双创下历史新高,并未受到影响。

关注公司基本面

DAT 模式的核心问题之一,在于许多财库公司本身是「壳公司」,主营业务早已停滞,盈利能力薄弱,几乎完全依赖「炒币」来续命。这样的模式在牛市中看似合理,但一旦市场反转,就会因缺乏现金流支撑而瞬间失血。因此,投资者在选择标的时,必须关注:

公司现金流:是否具备自我造血能力?

买入成本:持仓均价是否足以在回调中维持健康?

仓位比例:数字资产占公司净资产的比重是否过高?

融资用途:募集资金是否主要用于买币,还是有实际业务拓展?

偿债能力:是否能在可转债到期或股价承压时,依然维持稳健?

缺乏造血能力的公司在牛市里可能风光无限,但在流动性退潮时,抗风险能力极弱,很可能成为踩踏的第一批牺牲品。

总结

财库策略无疑为本轮牛市注入了最强劲的燃料,源源不断的场外资金让以 ETH 为首的山寨币一路高歌。但越是看似「无限子弹」的模式,越要警惕背后的泡沫与隐忧。历史已经证明,流动性与叙事能够点燃市场,却无法取代真实的价值支撑。对于投资者而言,当前行情固然值得乐观,但也必须保持冷静与审慎。唯有在喧嚣中保持理性,才能在下一次泡沫退潮时屹立不倒。

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